John's decompositions: Selecting a large part (Q5935812)

The Bourgain/Tzafriri restricted invertibility principle says that for every linear bounded operator \(T: \ell^n_2\to \ell^n_2\) with \(\|Te_j\|= 1\) for all \(j=1,\dots, n\) there is a subset \(\sigma\subset\{e_1,\dots, e_n\}\) such that \(T\) is invertible on \(\{e_j\}_{j\in\sigma}\) with \(\|T^{-1}\|\leq c(\sigma,n,\|T\|)\). This theorem is extended by the author in a first step from \(\{e_j\}\) to any decomposition \(id= \sum_j x_j\otimes x_j\) of the identity on \(\ell^n_2\) and then applied to John's decomposition of the identity in the following way. Suppose that \(X\) is any \(n\)-dimensional Banach space and that the maximal volume ellipsoid contained in the ball \(B(X)\) is the Euclidean unit ball. Then there is a decomposition \(id= \sum_j x_j\otimes x_j\), the so-called John's decomposition, where the \(x_j/\|x_j\|_X\) are some contact points of the surface of \(B_X\) and of the unit ball. The application of the author's generalized restricted invertibility principle to this decomposition yields to new and important rsults of the local theory of Banach spaces, e.g. to a refinement of Dvoretzki-Rogers theorem, giving us information not only about the existence of \(c\)-Hilbertian vector systems, but also about its location as contact points.