Quadratic linear algebras associated with factorizations of noncommutative polynomials and noncommutative differential polynomials (Q5956137)

Let \(P(x)=x^n+a_1x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_n\) be a polynomial over a division algebra \(R\) in a non-commuting indeterminate \(x\). By a root of \(P(x)\) the authors understand a right root of the equation \(P(x)=0\); if \(P(x)\) has \(n\) roots in \(R\), the coefficients \(a_i\) can be expressed as rational functions of the roots [\textit{I. Gelfand} and \textit{V. Retakh}, Sel. Math., New Ser. 3, No. 4, 517-546 (1997; Zbl 0919.16011)]. When all the rational expressions used are defined and different, \(P(x)\) is called generic. Here, the authors are concerned with defining an algebra \(Q_n\) on a combinatorial set of generators with quadratic defining relations such that the \(a_i\) can be expressed as element of \(Q_n\). The connexion with the roots is established by a homomorphism from \(Q_n\) to the free skew field \(F\) on \(x_1,\dots,x_n\) (leading to a polynomial with these elements as roots). The main result is the construction of a basis for \(Q_n\); in fact two bases are constructed as combinatorial expressions of the generating system of \(Q_n\). For \(n=2\) the homomorphism \(Q_2\to F\) is shown to be injective and it is conjectured that this holds for all \(n\). The expressions for the bases of \(Q_n\), although quite complicated, lead to a clearer understanding of the formulae used.