The isomorphism problem for semigroup \(C^*\)-algebras of right-angled Artin monoids (Q288668)

This paper contains a complete classification of \(C^*\)-algebras associated to right-angled Artin monoids, both in terms of graph-theoretic data associated directly to the graph defining the Artin monoid, and in terms of \(K\)-theoretic data associated to the \(C^*\)-algebra. Let \(\Gamma=(V,E)\) be a countable, symmetric, anti-reflexive graph, that is, \(V\) is a countable set of vertices and \(V\subseteq E\times E\) is a symmetric set of edges not containing any loops \((v,v)\) for \(v\in V\). The associated semigroup \(C^*\)-algebra \(C^*(A^+_\Gamma)\) was introduced in [\textit{J. Crisp} and \textit{M. Laca}, J. Aust. Math. Soc. 72, 223--245 (2002; Zbl 1055.20028)]. It is defined as the universal \(C^*\)-algebra generated by isometries \(s_v\), for \(v\in V\), subject to the following relations: {\parindent=0.6cm\begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] \(s_vs_w=s_ws_v\) and \(s_v^*s_w=s_ws_v^*\) whenever \((v,w)\in E\); and \item[{\(\bullet\)}] \(s_v^*s_w=0\) if \(v\neq w\) and \((v,w)\notin E\). \end{itemize}} The graph-theoretic data used for the classification is based on the notion of co-irreducible components. A graph \(\Gamma\) is called co-irreducible if there is no non-trivial partition \(V=V_1\cup V_2\) with \(V_1\times V_2\subseteq E\). Every graph \(\Gamma\) decomposes into its co-irreducible components \(\Gamma_i\), and one has \(C^*(A_\Gamma^+) \cong \bigotimes_i C^*(A_{\Gamma_i}^+)\). To each graph \(\Gamma\), the following invariants are associated: The number \(t(\Gamma)\) of co-irreducible components of \(\Gamma\) that have exactly one vertex; and for each integer \(n\), the number \(N_n(\Gamma)\) of co-irreducible components of \(\Gamma\) with Euler characteristic \(n\) that have at least one, but finitely many, vertices. Topological \(K\)-theory is a \(2\)-periodic cohomology theory. Therefore, whenever \(I\) and \(J\) are (closed, two-sided) ideals in a \(C^*\)-algebra satisfying \(I\subseteq J\), one obtains a six-term exact sequence \[ \begin{tikzcd} K_0(I) \ar[r] & K_0(J) \ar[r] & K_0(J/I) \ar[d] \\ K_1(J/I) \ar[u] & K_1(J) \ar[l] & K_1(I)\ar[l] \end{tikzcd} \] The (ordered) filtered \(K\)-theory of a \(C^*\)-algebra \(A\), denoted by \(\mathrm{FK}_+(A)\), is defined as the data consisting of the lattice of ideals in \(A\), and for each inclusion of ideals \(I\subseteq J\) in \(A\) the six-term exact sequence in \(K\)-theory associated to the inclusion \(J/I\subseteq A/I\), together with the order in the \(K_0\)-groups. The main result of the paper (Theorem 1.1) states that for finite, countable, symmetric, anti-reflexive graphs \(\Gamma\) and \(\Lambda\), the following statements are equivalent: {\parindent=0.6cm\begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] The \(C^*\)-algebras \(C^*(A^+_\Gamma)\) and \(C^*(A^+_\Lambda)\) are isomorphic. \item[{\(\bullet\)}] We have \(t(\Gamma)=t(\Lambda)\); and \(N_{-n}(\Gamma)+N_n(\Gamma)=N_{-n}(\Lambda)+N_n(\Lambda)\) for all integers \(n\); and \(N_0(\Gamma)>0\) or \(\sum_{n<0}N_n(\Gamma)=\sum_{n<0}N_n(\Lambda)\) modulo \(2\). \item[{\(\bullet\)}] The filtered \(K\)-theories \(\mathrm{FK}_+(C^*(A^+_\Gamma))\) and \(\mathrm{FK}_+(C^*(A^+_\Lambda))\) are isomorphic. \end{itemize}} There is also a version for infinite graphs. It should be noted that the graph-theoretic invariants used for the classification are very easy and straightforward to compute. Given a directed graph \(\Gamma\), there is a different way to associate a \(C^*\)-algebra to \(\Gamma\), called the graph \(C^*\)-algebra \(C^*(\Gamma)\). Very recently, the first and last author, together with \textit{G. Restorff} and \textit{A. Sørensen}, obtained a classification of graph \(C^*\)-algebras of finite graphs by filtered \(K\)-theory [``Geometric classification of graph \(C^*\)-algebras over finite graphs'', Preprint (2016), \url{arXiv:1604.05439}]. However, these remarkable recent results do not supersede the results of the paper under review. Indeed, \(C^*(A^+_\Gamma)\) is in general not isomorphic to a graph \(C^*\)-algebra (in particular \(C^*(A^+_\Gamma)\) need not be isomorphic to \(C^*(\Gamma)\)). In Theorem 6.7, the authors characterize when \(C^*(A^+_\Gamma)\) is isomorphic to a graph \(C^*\)-algebra (of some possibly different graph). This is then used to address the problem of when \(C^*(A^+_\Gamma)\) is semiprojective.