Symmetries in CR complexity theory (Q529234)

Let \(\mathbb{B}_l^N\) denote the generalized ball in \(\mathbb{C}^N\) defined via a Hermitian form with \(l\) negative eigenvalues; the standard unit ball, \(\mathbb{B}^N\) corresponds to the case where \(l=0\). Suppose \[ f:\mathbb{B}^n\to \mathbb{B}_l^N \] is a proper rational mapping with \(n\leq N\). A fundamental question in \textit{CR complexity theory} is how geometric information about the source and target influence how complex the mapping \(f\) can be. There are a number of aspects of complexity of the map \(f\) including degree, source dimension, and target dimension. Given such \(f\), one may associate another object, a subgroup of \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{B}^n)\), called the Hermitian invariant group and denoted by \(\Gamma_f\). The authors prove that when \(l=0\), \(\Gamma_f\) is a Lie subgroup of \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{B}^n)\) with finitely many connected components. The Lie group properties of \(\Gamma_f\) play a role in the complexity of the map. For example the authors show that the condition of \(\Gamma_f\) containing an \(n\)-torus, is equivalent to \(f\) is being spherically equivalent to a monomial map. This paper also introduces several new concepts including the notions of \textit{essential map} and \textit{source rank} of a map. Let \(\Gamma\) be a subgroup of \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{B}^n)\). The proper rational map \(f\) is said to be Hermitian \(\Gamma\)-invariant if, for each \(\gamma \in \Gamma\), there is an automorphism of the target \(\psi_\gamma \in \mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{B}_l^N)\) such that \(f\circ\gamma=\psi_\gamma\circ f\). The maximal such subgroup is called the Hermitian invariant group and denoted by \(\Gamma_f\). Suppose \(G\) is a finite subgroup of \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{B}^n)\). In the main result of the paper the authors show that there is a rational map \(f:\mathbb{B}^n\to\mathbb{B}^N\), for which \(\Gamma_f=G\). In case \(G\) is a finite subgroup of \(\mathrm{U}(n)\), we may choose \(f\) to be a polynomial. The proof involves Noether's result on the finite generation of invariant algebras of polynomials and some Lie group theory.