Magidor-Malitz reflection (Q527330)

The author views the downward Löwenheim-Skolem-Tarski theorem (DLST) as a reflection principle. In contrast to first-order logic, for which it is a ZFC theorem, asserting DLST for second-order properties necessitates the existence of a super compact cardinal [\textit{M. Magidor}, Isr. J. Math. 10, 147--157 (1971; Zbl 0263.02034)]. In the article under review, the author investigates the consequences of DLST for logics that extend first-order logic through the addition of Magidor-Malitz quantifiers. From the author's abstract: ``We derive some combinatorial results and improve the known upper bound for the consistency of Chang's conjecture at the successor of a singular cardinal.'' The Magidor-Malitz quantifiers \(Q^n\): For \(M\) an \(\mathcal L\)-structure and \(\varphi(x_0, \dots , x_{n-1})\) an \(\mathcal L\)-formula, \(M\models Q^n \varphi(x_0, \dots , x_{n-1})\) if there is a set \(A\subseteq M\) with \(|A|=|M|\) such that \(\forall a_0, \dots, a_{n-1}\in A\), \(M\models \varphi(a_0, \dots , a_{n-1})\). More notation: \(M\prec_{Q^n} N\) means \(M\) is an elementary submodel of \(N\) with respect to first-order logic with the quantifier \(Q^n\) added. Moreover, \(M\prec_{Q^{<\omega}} N\) indicates that \(M\prec_{Q^n} N\) holds for all \(n<\omega\). For cardinals \(\lambda>\mu\), the notation \(\lambda\underset{Q^n}\twoheadrightarrow\mu\) means that every model of cardinality \(\lambda\) for a countable language has a \(Q^n\)-elementary submodel of cardinality \(\mu\). In the paper's second section, the author investigates some combinatorial consequences of \(Q^{<\omega}\) reflection. For example, if \(\kappa\underset{Q^2}\twoheadrightarrow\mu\) where \(\mu\) is regular, then the square principle \(\square(\kappa)\) due to Todorčević fails. Also at the successor of a singular limit cardinal, the tree property holds if an appropriate sequence of \(Q^{<\omega}\) reflections holds. In the third and final section, the author turns to consistency results. First, he proves two theorems about the consistency of Chang's conjecture at the successor of a singular cardinal. Finally, he investigates which large cardinal assumptions imply \(Q^{<\omega}\) reflection. For example, for \(\kappa\) is a Ramsey cardinal, if \(\mu\) with \(\omega<\mu<\kappa\) is a regular cardinal then \(\kappa\underset{Q^{<\omega}}\twoheadrightarrow\mu\).