\(N_\phi\)-type quotient modules on the torus (Q958350)

The structure of the quotient modules in \(H^2(\Gamma^2)\) is very complicated. A good understanding of some special examples will shed light on the general picture. In this paper, the authors focus on the so-called \(N_\varphi\)-type quotient modules, namely, quotient modules of the form \(N_\varphi=H^2(\Gamma^2)\ominus[z-\varphi]\), where \(\varphi(w)\) is a function in the classical Hardy space \(H^2(\Gamma^2)\) and \([z-\varphi]\) is the submodule generated by \(z-\varphi(w)\). This type of quotient module provides good examples in many studies. A notable fact is its close connections with some classical operators, namely the Jordan block and the Bergman shift. Let \(z\) and \(w\) be the coordinate functions in \(\Gamma^2\), \(T_z\) and \(T_w\) be the corresponding multiplication operators on \(H^2(\Gamma^2)\). The compressions to \(N_\varphi\) of the operators \(T_z\) and \(T_w\) are denoted by \(S_z\) and \(S_w\). The authors study the spectral properties of \(S_z\) and \(S_w\). They show that \(\overline{\varphi(\mathbb{D})\cap\mathbb{D}}\subset\sigma(S_z)\subset\overline{\varphi(\mathbb{D})}\cap\overline{\mathbb{D}}\), while \(\overline{\Omega}_\varphi\subset\sigma(S_w)\), and \(S_w-\alpha I\) is Fredholm for every \(\alpha\in\Omega_\varphi\) and ind(\(S_w-\alpha I\))\(=-1\), where \(\Omega_\varphi=\varphi(\mathbb{D})\cap\mathbb{D}\). Specifically, if \(\varphi\) is bounded with \(\|\varphi\|_\infty\leq 1\), then \(\sigma(S_w)=\overline{\mathbb{D}}\) and \(\sigma_e(S_w)=\Gamma\). In the case when \(\varphi(w)=b(w)h(w)\), being the inner-outer factorization of \(\varphi\), the authors give rich results. Firstly, they show that \(S_z^*\) has a closed range if and only if \(\alpha\neq0\), and in this case \(S_z^*N_\varphi=N_\varphi\), where \(\alpha=\inf_{w\in\mathbb{D}}|h(w)|\). Secondly, for \(L(0)f(w)=f(0, w)\), \(L(0)\) on \(N_\varphi\) is compact if and only if \(b\) is a finite Blaschke product and \(|h(w)|\leq1\) for every \(w\in\mathbb{D}\). Also, additional results are given. At the end of this paper, the authors deal with the more special case when \(\varphi\) is an inner function. By constructing an orthonormal basis for \(N_\varphi\), they show that \(L(0)\) and \(R(0)\) are both compact on \(N_\varphi\) if and only if \(\varphi\) is a finite Blaschke product. Furthermore, if \(\varphi\) is a one variable inner function, then \(N_\varphi\) is essentially reductive if and only if \(\varphi\) is a finite Blaschke product.