Momentum polytopes of projective spherical varieties and related Kähler geometry (Q1987521)

Let \(G\) be a connected reductive complex algebraic group. A normal \(G\)-variety is called spherical if it contains a dense orbit under a Borel subgroup of \(G\): these are the algebraic analogues of the multiplicity free Hamiltonian manifolds for compact Lie group actions. In particular, when \(G\) is an algebraic torus, the notion of spherical variety reduces to that of toric variety. The main goal of the authors is to generalize the classification of polarized projective toric varieties via rational convex polytopes to the spherical setting. Furthermore, this enables them to obtain a classification of the Kähler multiplicity free compact and connected Hamiltonian manifolds, generalizing the classification of toric manifolds of \textit{T. Delzant} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 116, No. 3, 315--339 (1988; Zbl 0676.58029)]. In particular, it is shown that every polarized projective spherical \(G\)-variety \((X, \mathcal L)\) is uniquely determined by the triple formed by its weight lattice \(\Xi(X)\), its moment polytope \(Q(X, \mathcal L)\), and its set of spherical roots \(\Sigma(X)\). If moreover \(\Xi\) is a sublattice of the weight lattice of \(G\) and \(Q\) is rational polytope in the dominant Weyl chamber of \(G\), then a combinatorial characterization is given for the existence of a polarized projective spherical \(G\)-variety such that \(\Xi\) is the weight lattice of \(X\) and \(Q\) is the moment polytope of \((X, \mathcal L)\). This lastly relies on the combinatorial classification of spherical varieties, recently accomplished following \textit{D. Luna}'s program [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 94, 161--226 (2001; Zbl 1085.14039)]. The classification of polarized spherical varieties is then applied in different directions. First it is applied in the case of the Fano spherical varieties, in which case the authors recover results of \textit{B. Pasquier} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 136, No. 2, 195--225 (2008; Zbl 1162.14030)] and of \textit{G. Gagliardi} and \textit{J. Hofscheier} [Geom. Dedicata 178, 111--133 (2015; Zbl 1349.14165)]. Then the authors adapt the smoothness criterion for spherical varieties of Camus [Variétés sphériques affines lisses. Grenoble: Institut Fourier (Ph.D. thesis) (2001)] to the case of a polarized spherical variety, and obtain a classification of the smooth ones in terms of the corresponding triples. In the last secton of the paper, the authors apply their results in Hamiltonian geometry. Given a compact connected Lie group \(K\), they obtain a criterion for the Kählerizability of a multiplicity free compact and connected Hamiltonian \(K\)-manifold in terms of so-called smooth \(\mathbb R\)-momentum triples. This allows them to recover earlier Kählerizability results of Delzant [loc. cit.] and \textit{C. T. Woodward} [Duke Math. J. 93, No. 2, 345--377 (1998; Zbl 0979.53085)]. Using such triples, they furthermore obtain a classification of the \(K\)-invariant compatible complex structures of a Kähler multiplicity free compact and connected Hamiltonian \(K\)-manifold.