Structure of minimal 2-spheres of constant curvature in the complex hyperquadric (Q2232716)

In this work, the authors study constantly curved 2-spheres minimal in both \(\mathbb{C}P^n\) and the hyperquadric \(\mathcal{Q}_{n-1}\) of \(\mathbb{C}P^n\) by using the singular-value decomposition theory of complex matrices. The moduli space of all those noncongruent ones is introduced, which can be described by certain complex symmetric matrices modulo an appropriate group action. Using this description, many examples, such as constantly curved holomorphic 2-spheres of higher degree, nonhomogenous minimal 2-spheres of constant curvature, etc., are constructed. Uniqueness is proven for the totally real constantly curved 2-sphere minimal in both the hyperquadric \(\mathcal{Q}_{n-1}\) and \(\mathbb{C}P^n\). The authors show the two following theorems: \textbf{Theorem 1.1.} Suppose a linearly full totally real minimal \(2\)-sphere of constant curvature \(8/(d^2 + 2d)\) in \(\mathcal{Q}_{n-1}\) is also minimal in \(\mathbb{C}P^n\). Then \(d\) is even and \(n = 2d + 1\). Moreover, it is unique up to a real orthogonal transformation. \textbf{Theorem 1.2.} For any \(d\) with \((n-1)/2 < d\leq n-2\), linearly full constantly curved holomorphic \(2\)-spheres of degree \(d\) exist in \(\mathcal{Q}_{n-1}\). Moreover, if \(3\leq (n-1)/2 < d\leq n-5\), then the moduli space of such noncongruent holomorphic \(2\)-spheres assumes \((n-d)^2-11(n-d)+33\) as the lower bound to its dimension.