On the boundary components of central streams (Q2240556)

Fix a prime \(p\) and let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p\). Let \(X\) be a \(p\)-divisible groups over \(k\) and \(\mathfrak{Def}(X) = \textrm{Spf}(\Gamma)\) be the deformation space of \(X\). Let \(\mathfrak{X}' \to \textrm{Spf}(\Gamma)\) be the universal \(p\)-divisible group. A resulf of \textit{A. J. de Jong} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 82, 5--96 (1995; Zbl 0864.14009)] implies that category of \(p\)-divisible group over \(\text{Spf}(\Gamma)\) is equivalent to the category of the \(p\)-divisible groups over \(\textrm{Spec}(\Gamma) =: \textrm{Def}(X)\). This equivalence allows one to obtain a \(p\)-divisible group \(\mathfrak{X}\) over \(\mathrm{Spec}(\Gamma)\). Let \(H(\xi)\) be the minimial \(p\)-divisible group of a given Newton polygon \(\xi\). Suppose \(H(\xi) \neq X\), then \(\mathcal{C}_{H(\xi)}(\textrm{Def}(X))\) is the central stream associated to \(H(\xi)\) and \(\mathfrak{X}\). There is a one-to-one correspondence between the isomorphism classes of \(\textrm{BT}_1\) of rank \(p^h\) and dimension \(d\) over \(k\) and a subset \(^{J}W\) of the Weyl group \(W\) of \(\textrm{GL}_h\). The author shows that for \(p\)-divisible groups \(X\) and \(Y\) over \(k\) with \(X[p] \simeq Y[p]\), if \(\mathcal{C}_{H(\xi)}(\textrm{Def}(X)) \neq \emptyset\), then \(\mathcal{C}_{H(\xi)}(\textrm{Def}(Y)) \neq \emptyset\). Therefore, in order to classify \(p\)-divisible group \(X\) over \(k\) such that \(\mathcal{C}_{H(\xi)}(\textrm{Def}(X)) \neq \emptyset\), one can classify elements \(\omega \in ^{J}W\) such that there exists a \(p\)-divisible group \(X\) over \(k\) such that \(\omega\) is the type of \(X[p]\) and \(\mathcal{C}_{H(\xi)}(\textrm{Def}(X)) \neq \emptyset\). For a \(p\)-divisible group \(X\), the length \(\ell(X[p])\) of the \(p\)-kernel is the length of the element of the Weyl group which is the type of \(X[p]\). In this paper, the author give a complete answer to the classficaition of \(\omega \in ^{J}W\) such that that there exists a \(p\)-divisible group \(X\) over \(k\) such that \(\omega\) is the type of \(X[p]\) and \(\mathcal{C}_{H(\xi)}(\textrm{Def}(X)) \neq \emptyset\), and \(\ell(\omega) = \ell(H(\xi)[p]) - 1\) for arbitrary Newton polygons \(\xi\), by the following two main theorems. Let \(B(\xi) = \{\text{types of } X_s[p] \mid X_{\overline{\eta}} = H(\xi) \textrm{ and } \ell(X_s[p]) = \ell(X_{\overline{\eta}}[p]) - 1 \textrm{ for some } X \to S\}\). Theorem 1. Let \(\xi = \sum_{i=1}^z (m_i, n_i)\) be a Newton polygon. Let \(\xi_i = (m_i, n_i) + (m_{i+1}, n_{i+1})\) be the Newton polygon consisting of two adjacent segments of \(\xi\) for \(i = 1, \ldots, z-1\). For any \(\omega \in B(\xi_i)\), the direct sum \(\omega_{\eta^{(i)}} \oplus \omega\) belongs to \(B(\xi)\), where \(\omega_{\eta^{(i)}}\) is the type of \(H(\eta^{(i)})[p]\) with \(\eta^{(i)} = (m_1, n_1) + \cdots + (m_{i-1}, n_{i-1}) + (m_{i+2}, n_{i+2}) + \cdots + (m_z, n_z)\). Morever, the obtained map \[ \bigsqcup_{i=1}^{z-1} B(\xi_i) \to B(\xi) \] sending \(\omega\) to \(\omega_{\eta^{(i)}} \oplus \omega\) is bijective. Theorem 2. Let \(\xi = (m_1, n_1) + (m_2, n_2)\) be the Newton plygon satisfying that \(n_1/(m_1+n_1) > n_2/(m_2+n_2) \geq 1/2\). Put \(\xi^C = (m_1, n_1 - m_1) + (m_2, n_2 - m_2)\). Then the map sending \(\omega\) to \(\omega|_{\{1,\ldots,n_1+n_2\}}\) gives a bijection from \(B(\xi)\) to \(B(\xi^C)\). The second main result of the paper is to answer the following question. For a Newton polygon \(\xi\) and a generic specialization \(X\) of \(H(\xi)\), find a Newton polygon \(\eta\) such that \(H(\eta)\) appears as a specialization of \(X\) and \(\eta \prec \xi\) is saturated. Translating this question with respect to elements of the Weyl group of \(\textrm{GL}_h\), the author proves the following theorem. Theorem 3. Let \(\xi\) be any Newton polygon. Let \(\omega \in ^{J}W\) be a generic specialization of \(\omega_{\xi}\). Then there exists a Newton polygon \(\eta\) such that \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(\eta \prec \xi\) is saturated, and \item[2.] \(\omega_{\eta} \subset \omega\), \end{itemize} where we say \(\omega' \subset \omega\) if there exists a discrete valuation ring \(R\) of characteristic \(p\) such that there exists a finite flat commutative group scheme \(G\) over \(R\) satisfying that \(G_{\overline{k}}\) is a \(\textrm{BT}_1\) of the type \(\omega'\), and \(G_{\overline{L}}\) is a \(\textrm{BT}_1\) of the type \(\omega\), where \(L\) (resp. \(\kappa\)) is the fractional field of \(R\) (resp. is the residue field of \(R\)).