Global product structure for a space of special matrices (Q2419441)

Hurwitz symmetric matrices are symmetric matrices whose eigenvalues have negative real part. They play an important role in the analysis of stability of continuous linear systems (see, for instance, [\textit{F. R. Gantmacher}, Théorie des matrices. I: Théorie générale. II: Questions speciales et applications. Paris: Dunod (1966; Zbl 0136.00410)]. On the other hand, a real matrix is said to be a Metzler matrix if its off-diagonal entries are positive. Concerning applications of such matrices, see [\textit{K. S. Narendra} and \textit{R. Shorten}, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 55, No. 6, 1484--1487 (2010; Zbl 1368.93603)]. \par As a first result of the paper, the authors prove that the space of $n\times n$ symmetric Hurwitz matrices is diffeomorphic to the product manifold of the space of $(n-1)\times (n-1)$ symmetric Hurwitz matrices and the $n$-dimensional Euclidean real space. The projection on the first factor is given by the Schur complement of the leading principal submatrix of size $(n-1)\times (n-1)$ of the matrix of size $n\times n.$ On the other hand, the set of $n\times n$ Metzler-Hurwitz matrices is not a product manifold of the space of $(n-1)\times (n-1)$ Metzler-Hurwitz matrices and the $n$-dimensional Euclidean real space. Nevertheless, by considering the fiber of $(n-1)\times (n-1)$ Metzler-Hurwitz matrices, the authors can calculate families of $n\times n$ Metzler-Hurwitz matrices taking into account a nice construction based on the initial matrix $B= (b_{i, j})_{i, j=1}^{n-1}$ of size $(n-1)\times (n-1)$ and two vectors $\mathbf{v}= (v_{1}, \cdots, v_{n})\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $\mathbf{w}= (w_{1}, \cdots, w_{n-1})\in \mathbb{R}^{n-1}$ with nonnegative entries such that \(b_{i,j}- \frac{v_{i} w_{j}}{\exp ( v_{n})} \geq 0\), \(i\neq j\). \par As an application, an insuline model involving uncertainties and perturbations is analyzed.