Derived equivalence for quantum symplectic resolutions (Q2452067)

The localization theorem of Beilinson-Bernstein used Hodge theory in the representation theory of complex semisimple Lie algebras. This has lead to a theory called \textit{microlocalization}, which is localization on an open subset of the quantized cotangent bundle. This theory can be applied to other important algebras, such as the Cherednik-type algebras. The authors establish the theory of derived microlocalization for a lot of quantized symplectic resolutions, as well as more general quantized birational symplectic morphisms. At first, algebras obtained by quantum Hamiltonian reduction from quantizations of smooth affine symplectic varieties with group action, is considered. In the cases considered, Hamiltonian reductions are rings of global twisted differential operators on algebraic stacks, and under mildt assumptions, it is proved that the representation categories of such algebras are derived equivalent to microlocal derived categories on open sets in the symplectic quotient stack. Because of such equivalences, the article results in new proofs of known derived equivalences for enveloping algebras, independent of the original Beilinson-Bernstein approach. Also, it gives the derived version of microlocalization of rational Cherednik algebras of type A, and hypertoric enveloping algebras, and gives a new derived microlocalization theorem relating cyclotomic rational Cherednik algebras with quantizations of the Hilbert schemes \(\widetilde{\mathbb C^2/\Gamma}^{[n]}\) of points on minimal resolutions \(\widetilde{\mathbb C^2/\Gamma}\) of cyclic quotient singularities. The new derived equivalences require the establishment of derived microlocal categories. This induces a lot of basic properties, including compact generation, indecomposibility, and an equivalence between the two natural definitions of the derived categories in the case of quantizations of cotangent bundles. More specific about the microlocalization theorem: Let \(\mathsf W\) be a smooth affine complex symplectic variety, with a Hamiltonian action of a connected redugtive group \(G\) and moment map \(\mu:\mathsf W\rightarrow\mathfrak g^\ast.\) Then one can associate a usually singular, affine symplectic quotient \(X=\mu^{-1}(0)//G=\text{Spec}\mathbb C[\mu^{-1}(0)]^G\). Or, choosing a character \(\chi:G\rightarrow\mathbb G_m=\mathbb C^\ast\), a better quotient is defined as \(\mathfrak X=\mu^{-1}(0)//_{\chi}G\) by geometric invariant theory. There is a natural projective morphism \(f:\mathfrak X\rightarrow X\), and \(\chi\) can be chosen so that \(\mathfrak X\) gives a symplectic resolution of the singular symplectic variety \(X\). It is possible to quantize the situation by replacing the functions on \(\mathsf{W}\) by a filtered noncommutative algebra \(\mathsf{A}\) whose associated graded algebra is \(\mathbb C[\mathsf{W}]\). The method of Hamiltonian reduction yields an algebra \(U_c\) for a Lie algebra character \(c:\mathfrak g\rightarrow\mathbb C\) that works as a quantum analogue of the algebra \(\mathbb C[X]\) of functions on \(X\). In the same way, there is a natural quantum analogue \(D(\mathcal E_{\mathfrak X}(c))\) of the derived category of \(\mathfrak X\), and there are quantizations \(\mathbb L\mathsf{f}^\ast\),\(\mathbb R\mathsf{f}_\ast\) of the inverse and direct images \(\mathbb L f^\ast\), \(\mathbb R f_\ast\) associated with \(f:\mathfrak X\rightarrow X\). Letting \(\mathsf{W}=T^\ast Z\) and assuming that \(G\) acts freely on \(\mu^{-1}(0)^{\text{ss}}\), \(\mathfrak X\) is a smooth symplectic variety, and the category \(D(\mathcal E_{\mathfrak X}(c))\) can be described explicitly as a derived category of modules over a noncommutative deformation of the sheaf \(\mathcal O_{\mathfrak X}\) of functions on \(\mathfrak X\). In general, the authors define \(D(\mathcal E_{\mathfrak X}(c))\) via a categorical quotient, but the resulting category still have the invariants such as characteristic cycles that relate the representation theory of \(U_c\) to the geometry of \(\mathfrak X\). There is an added value that it has good properties even if the action of \(G\) on \(\mu^{-1}(0)^{\text{ss}}\) is not free. The main result in the article is a criterion, with a mild set of assumptions, for proving that \(\mathbb L\mathsf{f}^\ast\) and \(\mathbb R\mathsf{f}_\ast\) are mutually quasi-inverse equivalences of derived categories. As one of several corollaries to this result, the authors prove that if \(U_c\) has finite global dimension, then \(\mathbb L\mathsf{f}^\ast\) is an exact equivalence of categories. This, together with the other corollaries provides derived equivalences between the algebras \(U_c\) even when the natural shift functors cross walls. An interesting class of examples are given, the spherical Cherednik algebras associated with wreath products of cyclic groups. When \(\mu_l\subset\text{SL}(2)\) denotes a cyclic subgroup, then for the spherical Cherednik algebra \(U_{k,c}\) associated with the wreath product \(S_n\wr\mu_l\), the functor \(D(U_{k,c})\rightarrow D(\mathcal E_{\mathfrak X}(k,c))\) is an exact equivalence of triangulated categories away from a finite collection of hyperplanes. These hyperplanes are explicitly described. The article's main result also generalizes to non-affine situations in which a good quotient exists. Using étale charts on an algebraic curve \(C\), one can reduce to \(C=\mathbb A^1\): Let \(C\) be a smooth algebraic curve. Let \(U_c\) denote the sheaf (on \(\text{Sym}^n(C)\)) of sperical subalgebras of the type A Cherednik algebra of \(C\). Let \(D(\mathcal E_{(T^\ast C)^{[n]}(c)})\) denote the associated microlocal category. Then \(D(\mathcal E_{(T^\ast C)^{[n]}(c)})\simeq D(U_c)\) if \(c\notin\{-\frac{p}{q}\in\mathbb Q|1\leq p<q\leq n\}.\) Also, the author mention another interesting class of examples: The Mori dream spaces. This includes flag varieties, spherical varieties, and toric varieties. The constructions of the article can be extended to (micro)localization for Mori Dream spaces, and thus the authors reprove derived localization for the examples above, independently of the classical methods of Beilinson-Bernstein. The authors' mild assumptions are easier to prove than that the corresponding central reductions of the enveloping algebra has finite global dimension. The article finally discuss how to extend the main results to deformation quantization of arbitrary symplectic resolutions. The methods used in the article shifts from the classical methods of Beilinson-Bernstein which depends on the Azumaya property, i.e. the large centers of the noncommutative rings appearing, to more homotopical methods by establishing the existence of right adjoints. The Čheck methods comes to consideration. The article is advanced, and assume basic knowledge of derived categories. When that is in place though, the authors explain their particular idea and methods in a very stringent and nice way. Most important, the authors put their theory in to the big picture and gives a good overview of the field of localized derived categories and the philosophy behind it. This article gives an important contribution to the theory.