Companion forms over totally real fields (Q2480894)

The companion forms problem, is the question of when it can occur that we have \(f= \sum a_nq^n\) of weight \(2\leq k\leq p\) with \(a_p\neq 0\) and an eigenform \(g= \sum b_nq^n\) of weight \(k'= p+1-k\) such that \(na_n= n^k b_n\) for all \(n\). The author generalizes a previous result for modular curves over \(\mathbb{Q}\) of \textit{R. F. Coleman} and \textit{J. F. Voloch} [Invent. Math. 110, No. 2, 263--281 (1992; Zbl 0770.11024)] to the case of parallel weight Hilbert modular forms over totally real fields: ``Let \(F\) be a totally real field in which an odd prime \(p\) splits completely. Let \(\pi\) be a \(\text{mod\,}p\) Hilbert modular form of parallel weight \(2< k< p\) and level \({\mathfrak n}\), with \({\mathfrak n}\) coprime to \(p\). Suppose that \(\pi\) is ordinary are all primes \({\mathcal G}|P\), and that the \(\text{mod\,}p\) representation \[ \overline\rho_\pi: \text{Gal}(\overline F/F)\to \text{GL}_2(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p) \] is irreducible and is tamely ramified at all primes \({\mathcal G}|P\). Then there is a companion form \(\pi'\) of parallel weight \(k'= p+1-k\) and level \({\mathfrak n}\) satisfying \(\overline\rho_{\pi'}\cong \overline\rho_\pi\otimes \chi^{k'-1}\), where \(\chi\) is the \(p\)-adic cyclotomic character. Since the problem is necessary to solve the problem of weight optimization of modular forms, the work should be considered as a first crucial step toward proving some natural generalization of Serre's conjecture to totally real fields.