Lower bounds for real solutions to sparse polynomial systems (Q2496714)

The authors represent a system of real polynomial equations with the same Newton polytope as a linear projection from a toric variety to a projective space. Then the number of solutions, i.e., the capacity of a fiber, is estimated from below by the topological degree of the lift of the above linear projection up to a map from an oriented double cover of the toric variety to a sphere. This degree is computed by using degenerations of double covers of toric varieties into the union of coordinate spheres. As example, the authors consider Wronski map on Grassmannians, showing that the Wronski map turns into a linear projection as the Grassmannian degenerates to toric varieties, and in this way the authors recover the result of \textit{A. Eremenko} and \textit{A. Gabrielov} [Discrete Comput. Geom. 28 (3), 331--347 (2002; Zbl 1004.14011)], who computed the topological degrees of real Wronski maps.