Rational pullbacks of toric foliations (Q6040171)

This article deals with deformation and, more specifically, first order unfoldings of codimension-\(1\) foliations. An \textit{unfolding} of a foliation given by an integrable \(1\)-form \(\omega\in\Omega^1_X\) is a foliation on a product space \(X\times S\) given by a \(1\)-form \(\widetilde{\omega}\in\Omega^1_{X\times S}\) that restricts to \(\omega\) in the fiber over a point \(0\in S\), that is \(\widetilde{\omega}|_{X\times\{0\}} =\omega\). When \(S=\mathrm{Spec}(k[x]/(x)^2)\) we talk of a first order unfolding, and it determines a deformation of the foliation given by \(\omega\). Here the authors study the cases where \(X\) is a simplicial toric variety first and then the case where the ambient variety is \(\mathbb{P}^n\) and the foliation is the pull-back \(\varphi^*\alpha\) of a foliation \(\alpha\) on a simplicial toric surface \(X\) by a rational map \(\varphi:\mathbb{P}^n\to X\). The deformations of foliations \(\varphi^*\alpha\) that comes from unfoldings are characterized as being of the form \(\varphi_\epsilon^*\alpha\) with \(\varphi_\epsilon^*\) a deformation of the rational map \(\varphi\). The results are obtained from a careful study of the expression of \(\alpha\) and \(\varphi\) in homogeneous coordinates of \(\mathbb{P}^1\) and the toric surface \(X\).