A database of Belyi maps (Q6165876)

Let \(X\) be a smooth, projective curve over \(\mathbb{C}\). A Belyi map on \(X\) is a nonconstant map \(\phi : X \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1\) that is unramified away from \(\{0,1,\infty\}\). The curve \(X\) can be defined over the algebraic closure of \(\mathbb{Q}\) if and only if \(X\) admits a Belyi map. A passport is the data \((g,G,\lambda )\) consisting of a nonnegative integer \(g\), a transitive permutation group \(G \leq S_d\), and three partitions \(\lambda = (\lambda_0, \lambda_1, \lambda_{\infty})\) of \(d\). The passport of a Belyi map is given by its genus, its monodromy group, and the ramification degrees of the points above \(0, 1, \infty\). Note that there is a natural permutation action of \(S_3\) on passports, so we choose exactly one passport up to this \(S_3\)-action. In this paper, a numerical method is used to compute a database of Belyi maps. Passports are defined and an algorithm is presented to enumerate their representative permutation triples up to simultaneous conjugation. The numerical method used is recalled and the descent issues that arise are treated. Furthermore, steps that are specific to elliptic and hyperelliptic curves are detailed and examples of these computations are provided. Finally, the database is described which is organized by passports. For each passport basic information such as the degree, genus, ramification indices, and the monodromy group is stored. The database is available at \url{https://github.com/michaelmusty/BelyiDB}. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1416.11009].