Persistently expansive geodesic flows (Q1180483)

This paper is concerned with expansive geodesic flows on compact manifolds without boundary. The set of geodesic flows of Riemannian metrics on a manifold \(M\) endowed with the \(C^k\)-topology is denoted by \(\kappa^k(M)\); \(E^k(M)\) denotes the subset of \(\kappa^k(M)\) of expansive geodesic flows, and \(A(M)\) denotes the set of Anosov geodesic flows on \(M\). An Anosov geodesic flow is expansive and, since it is \(C^1\)-structurally stable [\textit{D. Anosov}, Tr. Mat. Inst. Steklov 90, 210 p. (1967; Zbl 0163.43604)], it belongs to \(\text{int}(E^1(M))\), the interior of \(E^1(M)\) in \(\kappa^1(M)\). The converse is proved here in the case of dimension 2 manifolds, i.e. \(\text{int}(E^1(M))=A(M)\). This is a consequence of the following results proved in the paper. The periodic orbits of expansive geodesic flows on surfaces are dense and the closure of the set of periodic orbits of geodesic flows, which belong to \(\text{int}(E^1(M))\), is a hyperbolic set.