Algebraic number fields elementarily determined by their absolute Galois group (Q1182655)

Let \(\tilde\mathbb{Q}\) be the algebraic closure of the field \(\mathbb{Q}\) of rational numbers, \(K\) a subfield of \(\tilde\mathbb{Q}\) such that for all fields \(L\) of characteristic zero, if \(G(L)\cong G(K)\) and \(\tilde L=L\tilde\mathbb{Q}\), then \(L\equiv K\). Here \(L\equiv K\) denotes that \(L\) and \(K\) are elementarily equivalent, \(G(K)\) and \(G(L)\) are the absolute Galois groups of \(K\) and \(L\) respectively, the isomorphism is that of profinite groups. Such field \(K\) is said to be elementarily determined by \(G(K)\). It is proved that if \(K\) is elementarily determined by \(G(K)\) then \(K\) is isomorphic either to \(\mathbb{C}\cap\tilde\mathbb{Q}\), \(\mathbb{R}\cap\tilde\mathbb{Q}\) or to some algebraic extension of \(\mathbb{Q}_ p\cap\tilde\mathbb{Q}\) where \(p\) is a rational prime. This result answers a question of M. Jarden.