Large deviations in the many-body problem (Q1907390)

We consider the structure of asymptotic solutions of the problem \[ H \left( {\widehat \psi^+ \over \sqrt N}, {\widehat \psi^- \over \sqrt N} \right) \Phi = E \Phi, \quad N \in \mathbb{N}, \tag{1} \] where \(\Phi\) is a complex function of an infinite number of arguments \(n_1\), \(n_2\), \(n_3, \dots, \in \mathbb{N}\). We consider solutions of (1) which vanish for \(\sum^\infty_{i = 1} n_i \neq N\). The formulation corresponds to the following physical problem. There is a system of \(N\) particles, the function \(\Phi\) determines the amplitude of the probability that \(n_1\) particles are found in the first state, \(n_2\) particles in the second one, etc. The numbers \(n_1\), \(n_2, \dots\) are also called filling numbers and the representation itself the filling numbers representation. \(E\) in (1) is the energy and the condition \(\sum^\infty_{i = 1} n_i = N\) means that the number of particles in the system is constant and equal to \(N\). Besides systems of many quantum Bose-particles, (1) describes a system of classical particles with appropriate choice of \(H\).