On solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with Cantor-type spectrum (Q1385417)

The authors study the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear nonfocusing Schrödinger equation (NNSE) \[ i u_t + u_{xx} - 2u^2\bar{u} = 0 \tag{1} \] with almost periodic (a.p.) initial data \[ u|_{t=0} = q(x),\tag{2} \] by the inverse spectral method for classes for which the spectrum of the associated Dirac operator (the \(L\)-operator of the NNSE) \[ L_q = \left( \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ -1 & 0 \end{matrix}\right) \frac{d}{dx} + \left( \begin{matrix} p(x) & r(x) \\ r(x) & -p(x) \end{matrix}\right), \;x \in \mathbb{R},\tag{3} \] is a Cantor-type set of positive measure. Here the function \(q(x) = r(x) + ir(x)\) is called the potential. They investigate the behavior in \(t\) and in \(x\) of solutions of the Cauchy problem (1) - (2), where the initial data produce a nowhere dense spectrum of the Dirac operator (3). Under some geometric conditions on the spectrum of the operator \(L_q\) the authors prove that the Cauchy problem for (1)-(2) can be solved in the class of limit periodic functions which are well approximated by periodic ones (a Bohr almost periodic function in \(t\) and \(x\)) whose initial data are given by \(q(x)\). They illustrate this result also by an example. The authors emphasize that the analogous problem for the Korteweg- de Vries equation has been investigated so far, whereas the almost periodic Dirac operators with absolutely continuous Cantor-type spectra are less studied.