Affine algebraic sets relative to an algebraic theory (Q1299935)

Let \({\mathcal T}\) be an algebraic theory in the sense of Lawvere or Linton and \(L\) a prescribed \({\mathcal T}\)-algebra. The aim of the paper is to develop affine algebraic geometry over \(L\). The basic geometrical object which is introduced is an affine set over \(L\): it is a set \(X\) equipped with a \({\mathcal T}\)-algebra \(A(X)\) of maps \(X\to L\) called affine coordinates on \(X\). They form the category \({\mathcal A}f{\mathcal S}et(L)\) of sets over \(L\), and the coordinate algebras define a contravariant functor \(A:{\mathcal A}f{\mathcal S}et(L)\to{\mathcal A}lg({\mathcal T})\) which is the starting point of the duality between affine geometry over \(L\) and algebra over \(L\). The basic construction of the paper is that of the category \({\mathcal A}f{\mathcal A}lg{\mathcal S}et(L)\) of affine algebraic sets over \(L\), whose objects are proved to be, up to isomorphisms, precisely the sets of solutions of systems of \({\mathcal T}\)-algebraic equations in many variables with values in \(L\). Then affine algebraic geometry over \(L\) develops in a straightforward way including a Nullstellensatz and a Galois theory. Moreover the categories which are equivalent to categories of the form \({\mathcal A}f{\mathcal A}lg{\mathcal S}et(L)\) are characterized and called geometrical categories. Notice that \({\mathcal A}f{\mathcal S}et(L)\) is a geometrical category only in the case when \({\mathcal T}\) has at least one constant operation, an assumption laking in theorem 8.6. Some examples are given.