Singularities of the modular curve (Q5942480)

Let \(X_0(l) \) be the modular curve, parametrizing cyclic isogenies of elliptic curves \(\rho: E \rightarrow E' \) of degree \(l\) and \( Z_0(l) \) be its plane model. Henceforth assume \(l\) is a prime not equal to the characteristic \(p >3\). The main result is: Proposition. Let \( \sigma, \rho: E \rightarrow E'\) be two non-equivalent isogenies of degree \(l\), \(\alpha = \rho^* \sigma \in \text{End}(E)\) and \(m(\rho, \sigma)\) the order of contact of the corresponding smooth branches of the plane model at \((E, E') \in Z_0(l) \). Then \[ m(\rho, \sigma)= \begin{cases} p^{\nu} , &\text{if \(p\) splits in } \mathbb{Q}(\alpha),\\ 2 + 2p + \cdots+ 2p^{\nu -1} + p^{\nu}, &\text{if \(p\) is inert in } \mathbb{Q}(\alpha),\\ 2 + 2p + \cdots +2p^{\nu}, &\text{if \(p\) is ramified in } \mathbb{Q}(\alpha).\end{cases} \] Here \( \rho^*:E'\rightarrow E\) is the dual isogeny and \(p ^{\nu}\) is the \(p\)-part of the conductor of \(\alpha\). The first case according to the authors is already well known [\textit{F. Hirzebruch}, ``Kurven auf Hilbertschen Modulflächen und Klassenzahlrelationen'', in ``Gesammelte Abhandlungen'', Band 2, 361-393 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin/New York, 1987) and in: Classif. Algebr. Varieties Compact Complex Manif., Mannheimer Arbeitstagung; Lect. Notes Math. 412, 75-93 (1974; Zbl 0301.14010)].