The cyclic model for \(PG(n,q)\) and a construction of arcs (Q1348766)

It is known that the \(n\)-dimensional finite projective space \(PG(n,q)\) admits a cyclic model [\textit{J. W. P. Hirschfeld}, ``Projective geometries over finite fields'' (1998; Zbl 0899.51002)], in which the set of points of \(PG(n,q)\) is identified with elements of the group \(Z_{q^n+q^{n-1}+ \cdots+ q+1}\) by the given bijection \(\Phi\). Let \(R\) be any point of \(PG(n,q)\) and let \(r=\Phi(R)\) be the corresponding element of the group \(Z_{q^n+q^{n-1}+ \cdots+ q+1}\). Then let us denote by \(-R\) that point which corresponds to \(-r\). \(\{-P_1,\dots, -P_n\}\) is called the additive inverse of \(\{P_1,\dots, P_n\}\). It was proved by \textit{M. Hall} jun. [in: Combinatorics, Part 3, 1-26 (1974; Zbl 0317.05001)] that in the cyclic model of \(PG(2,q)\), the additive inverse of a line is a conic. The authors prove the following generalization of this result: In the cyclic model of \(PG(n,q)\), the additive inverse of a line is a \((q+1)\text{arc}\) if \(n+1\) is a prime and \(q+1>n\). They also show that the additive inverse of a line is always a normal rational curve in some subspace \(PG(m,q)\), where \((m+1)|(n+1)\).