The shape theorem for the frog model (Q1872406)

Let each site of \(\mathbb{Z}^d\) contain a particle that all are sleeping at time 0 except a single particle at the origin. The only active particle starts performing a discrete time simple random walk. From then on when an active particle jumps on a sleeping particle, the latter wakes up and starts moving independently. This discrete time particle system is known as a the frog model. The authors prove a shape theorem establishing that the set of the original positions of all active particles, rescaled by the elapsed time, converges to some compact convex set. Although the limiting shape is not explicitly identified, the authors show that if the initial configuration is sufficiently rich, then the asymptotic shape contains some pieces of the boundary of the cube \(\{|x^{(1)} |+\cdots +|x^{(d)} |\leq 1\}\).