Holomorphic submersions from Stein manifolds. (Q1774086)

In this paper, Fostnerič studies several aspects of the general problem of holomorphic approximation of mappings between complex manifolds. The paper is well written and self contained. The author gives the relevant background starting with the definition of Stein manifold. The main technique used to construct holomorphic submersions, namely: holomorphic approximation on handlebodies, is explained in detail. A complex manifold \(Y\) is said to satisfy Property \(S_n\) for some \(n\geq \text{dim} Y\) if any holomorphic submersion \(O \rightarrow Y\) from a special compact convex set \(O\subset {\mathbb C}^n\) can be approximated uniformly on \(O\) by holomorphic submersions \({\mathbb C}^n \rightarrow Y.\) \(Y\) is said to satisfy property \(HS_n\) if for any homotopy of holomorphic submersions \(f_t: O \rightarrow Y\) such that \(f_0\) and \(f_1\) extend to holomorphic submersions \(Q\rightarrow Y\) there exists for any \(\epsilon >0\) a homotopy of holomorphic submersions \(\tilde{f}_t: Q \rightarrow Y\) satisfying \(\tilde{f}_0 = f_0,\) \(\tilde{f}_1=f_1\) and \(\sup_{x\in O,t \in [0,1]}d(f_t(x),\tilde{f}(x)))<\epsilon.\) Denote by \(S(X,Y)\) the set of pairs \((f,\iota)\) consisting of a continuous map \(f: X\rightarrow Y\) that is covered by a bundle map \(\iota: TX \rightarrow TY\) which is fiberwise surjective. Denote by \(S_{holo}(X,Y)\) the subset of maps satisfying the additional condition that \(f\) is a holomorphic submersion. The main theorem of this paper is the following: {Theorem:} Assume that \(X\) is a Stein manifold of dimension \(n\) and \(Y\) is a complex manifold satisfying Property \(S_n.\) 1. (Existence of submersions) Every pair \((f_0,\iota_0) \in S(X,Y)\) can be connected by a path \(\{(f_t,\iota_t)\}_{t \in [0,1]} \subset S(X,Y)\) to some \((f_1,Tf_1) \in S_{holo}(X,Y).\) 2. (Approximation) If \(K \subset X\) is a compact \({\mathcal O}_X\)-convex subset, \(f_0|_X\) is a holomorphic submersion and \(\iota_0|_K = Tf_0|_K\) then the path \((f_t,\iota_t)\) in \(1.\) can be chosen such that for every \(t \in [0,1],\) \(f_t|_K\) is a holomorphic submersion which is uniformly chose to \(f_0|_K\) and \(\iota_t|_K= Tf_t|_K.\) 3. (Regular homotopies of submersions) If \(Y\) satisfies Property \(HS_n\) then any path \(\xi_t= (f_t,\iota_t) \in S(X,Y)\) with \(\xi_0,\xi_1 \in S_{holo}(X,Y)\) can be deformed with fixed end points to a path in \(S_{holo}(X,Y).\) Several consequences are derived, in particular for Riemann surfaces the author obtains that the following are equivalent: (a) \(Y\) is one of the Riemann surfaces \({\mathbb C \mathbb P}^1, \) \(\mathbb C,\) \({\mathbb C} \setminus \{ 0\},\) or a complex torus; (b) any continuous map from a Stein manifold \(X\) to \(Y\) is homotopic to a holomorphic submersion. The author also obtains a simpler proof of the Oka-Grauert-Gromov theorem appearing in his earlier work [Math. Z. 241, No. 3, 527--551 (2002; Zbl 1023.32008)].