On the matrix equation \(XA-AX = X^p\) (Q2484390)

The paper deals with the matrix equation \(XA-AX=X^p\), where \(p\geq 2\) is an integer and \(A,X\) are \(n\times n\) matrices over the algebraically closed field \(\mathbb{K}\) of characteristic 0. It is shown that if \(X\) is a solution then (i) the matrices \(X\) and \(A\) can be simultaneously triangularized by a similarity transformation, and (ii) the matrix \(X\) is nilpotent and the generalized eigenspaces of \(A\) are \(X\)-invariant. The set of all solutions is described when \(A\) has a single Jordan block and combinatorial formulae for \(A^mX^l\), \(X^lA^m\) and \((AX)^l\) are derived.