Finiteness properties of differential polynomials. (Q1014467)

Let \(R\) be a prime ring with nonzero ideal \(I\), noncommutative Lie ideal \(L\), nonzero right ideal \(T\), extended centroid \(C\), and Martindale quotient ring \(Q\). An expression \(g(x_{ij})\in Q*_CC\{x_{ij}\}\) is a generalized polynomial. Given such a \(g(x_{ij}) \), a reduced differential polynomial (DP) is \(g(x_i^{H_j})\) where each \(H_j\) is a reduced word in a set of (outer) derivations of \(R\). For the first result in the paper, given a DP \(g(x_i^{H_j})\) set \(S=\{g(a_i^{H_j})\mid a_i\in I\}\) and \(W=\{g(q_{ij})\mid q_{ij}\in Q\}\). The author proves that \(\dim_CSC=\dim_CWC\) if either is finite, and also \(S\) is a finite set exactly when \(W\) is. The next result is a special case of this for Lie ideals. Let \(f(X)=a_1Xb_1+\cdots +a_nXb_n\) for \(\{a_i,b_j\}\subseteq Q\), \(\{a_i\}\) \(C\)-independent, and \(1\in Cb_1+\cdots+Cb_n\). Then \(\dim_Cf(L)C\) is finite if and only if \(\dim_CRC\) is finite, and also \(f(L)\) a finite set implies that either \(\dim_CRC=n\) or \(R\) is finite. When \(T\) replaces \(L\) in the last result, then \(\dim_Cf(T)C\) is finite forces \(\dim_CRC\) to be finite, and \(f(T)\) finite forces \(R\) to be finite. An application of the results using \(d\in\text{Der}(R)\) shows that \(\dim_Cd(L)C\) and \(\dim_CRC\) are finite together, and also \(d(L)\) finite implies that \(R\) is finite. A corresponding result is given for \(d(T)C\) and \(d(T)\), and when also \(\delta\in\text{Der}(R)\) a final result concerns \(\delta d(L)C\) and \(\delta d(L)\). For example, in the latter case, when \(\delta d\neq 0\), \(\delta d(L)\) is finite if and only if \(\dim_C\delta d(L)C\) is finite and \(C\) is finite, unless \(\text{char\,}R=2\) and \(\dim_CRC=4\).