Bäcklund-Calogero group and general form of integrable equations for the two-dimensional Gelfand-Dikij-Zakharov-Shabat problem. Bilocal approach (Q1074786)

Nonlinear equations integrable by the general two-dimensional Gelfand-Dikii-Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem \[ \partial^ N\psi /\partial x^ N+\sum^{N-1}_{i=0}V_ i(x,y,t)\partial^ i\psi /\partial x^ i+\partial \psi /\partial y=0 \tag{1} \] are investigated. The authors work in the frame of AKNS method and use successively the bilocal tensor product of solutions of the spectral problem (1) and its adjoint problem. This allows to simplify essentially the calculations of recursion operators. The Bäcklund-Cologero group of general Bäcklund transformations connected with the spectral problem (1) and general form of the nonlinear equations integrable by (1) are found. Transformation properties of integrable equations and Bäcklund transformations under the gauge group are discussed. Examples of integrable equations and Bäcklund transformations in case \(N=2\) and \(N=3\) are presented.