On the area of lemniscate domains (Q1111722)

Let \(E_ n\) denote the lemniscate domain [z: \(| p(z)| \leq 1]\). The following result was proved by \textit{P. Erdős}, \textit{F. Herzog} and \textit{G. Piranian} [J. Anal. Math. 6, 125-148 (1958; Zbl 0088.253)]: \[ area E_ n\leq 4(\pi area(E_ n\cap D)), \] where D denotes [\(| z| \leq 1]\). \textit{G. MacLane} [Mich. Math. J. 2(1953/1954), 147-148 (1955; Zbl 0057.058)] proved that the area \((E_ n\cap D)\) can be made arbitrarily small for n large enough. Using this fact the author establishes an improved estimate in the following theorem. For each \(n>3\) there exists a polynomial \(P_ n(z)=\Pi (z-z_ 0)\) with its zeros on the unit circle such that area \(E_ n<c(\partial)(\log \log n)^{- +\partial}\) where \(\partial >0\) is arbitrary and c(\(\partial)\) depends only on \(\partial.\) The proof of the theorem depends on the construction of a polynomial p(z) with the required properties. The author chooses a special horseshoe shaped domain \(B_ e\) contained in \(| z| <1-e\). By means of several Lemmas he constructs a trigonometric polynomial \(T(r,\theta)=\sum^{H}_{1}q_ hr^ h \cosh \theta\) with the property that \(T(r,\theta)>0\) on \(B_ e\). T(r,\(\theta)\) is approximated by a convolution with a measure consisting of discrete atoms on \(| z| =1\). This also leads to the required polynomial p(z) with \(| p(z)| >1\) on \(B_ e\) and an area \((E_ n\cap D)<e\). Combining the inequalities obtained, the final theorem is established.