Stable manifolds under very weak hyperbolicity conditions (Q817594)

Let us consider a dynamical system given by a map \(\varphi:M\to M\), where \(M\) is a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold and \(\varphi\) is a \(C^2\) diffeomorphism. The aim of this interesting paper is to develop some techniques suitable for dealing with situations with very weak forms of hyperbolicity. For \(z\in M\) and \(k>1\), let \(F_k(z)=\|D\varphi^k_z\|\) and \(E_k(z)=\|(D\varphi^k_z)^{-1}\|^{-1}\). These quantities have a simple geometric interpretation: since \(D\varphi^k_z\) is a linear map, it sends circles to ellipses. Then \(F_k(z)\) is precisely half the length of major axis of this ellipse and \(E_k(z)\) is half the length of the minor axis of this ellipse. Then, let \(H_k(z)=E_k(z)/F_k(z)\). The authors prove a stable manifold theorem essentially under the ``summable'' hyperbolicity condition \(\sum H_k(z)<\infty\). The paper is very well written and organized.