Anyons in an exactly solved model and beyond (Q819156)

The principal objective in the present paper is to give an exact solution of a \(\text{spin} 1/2\) system on a honeycomb lattice. The author has tried to dodge the use of conformal field theory, only to be successful partially in that the topological spin \(\theta_{a}=e^{2\pi i\left( h_{a}-\overline{h}_{a}\right) }\)\ and the chiral central charge \(c_{-}=c-\overline{c}\)\ are still used. The paper, consisting of 11 sections and 6 appendices, is modular in the sense that each section is readable without heavily consulting other sections. The author recommends the reader to begin with the tenth section, where non-abelian anyons are concerned. The discussion in Section 10 is generalized into the algebraic theory of anyons in Appendix E, which can be regarded as an elementary introduction to unitary modular categories. The present paper generalizes such earlier results as [Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 405--408 (1982); Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 51--53 (1983); Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 94, 123--127 (1988); J. Phys. Condens. Matter 1, 5263--5274 (1989); Phys. Rev. B61, 10267 (2000)] to an arbitary Fermi-system described by a quadratic Hamiltonian on a two-dimensional lattice. It is shown that \(\mathbb{Z}_{2}\)-vortices are abelian particles in case that the Chern number \(\upsilon\) is even while they are non-abelian anyons in case that \(\upsilon\) is odd. The method the author employs is the quasidiagonal matrix formalism, to which Appendix C is devoted. The method is similar to, but more elementary than noncommutative geometry, which was exploited, e.g., in [\textit{J. Bellissard} et al., J. Math. Phys. 35, No.10, 5373--5451 (1994; Zbl 0824.46086)]. The goal in Appendix C is to provide a formal argument for the existence of unpaired Majorana modes on vortices for odd values of the Chern number \(\upsilon\).