Kloosterman sums and traces of singular moduli (Q2488821)

Let \(j(z)=q^{-1}+744+196884q+\ldots\), \(q=e^{2\pi iz}\), be the modular function for \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\). For a negative discriminant \(-d\) denote by \(\mathcal{Q}_d\) the set of positive definite integral binary quadratic forms \(Q(x,y)=ax^2+bxy+cy^2=[a,b,c] \) with discriminant \(-d=b^2-4ac\). Let \(\alpha_Q\) be the unique complex number in the upper half plane \(\mathfrak{H}\) which is a root of \(Q(x,1)=0\). Let \(\Gamma=\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\). Define \(\omega_Q=2\) if \(Q\sim_\Gamma[a,0,a]\), \(\omega_Q=3\) if \(Q\sim_\Gamma[a,a,a]\), \(\omega_Q=1\) otherwise. For an integer \(m\geq 0\) let \(j_m(z)\) be the unique holomorphic function on \(\mathfrak{H}/\Gamma\) with Fourier expansion \(q^{-m}+O(q)\). Let \(D\) be a fundamental discriminant. Define the genus character \(\chi_D\) to be the character assigning a quadratic form \(Q=(a,b,c) \), of discriminant divisible by \(D\), the value \(\chi_D(Q)=0 \) if \((a,b,c,D)>1\) and \(\chi_D(Q)=\left(\frac{D}{n}\right) \) if \((a,b,c,D)=1\), where \(n\) is any integer represented by \(Q\) and coprime to \(D\). For \(D>0\) let \[ \text{Tr}_m(D,d)=\sum_{Q\in\mathcal{Q}_d/\Gamma}\frac{\chi_D(Q)j_m(\alpha_Q)}{\omega_Q}. \] The author proves: Theorem. If \(D,-d\equiv 0,1\pmod 4\) are a positive fundamental discriminant and a negative discriminant, respectively, with \(D>1\), and \(m\geq 1\) is an integer, we have \[ \text{Tr}_m(D,d)=\sum_{c\equiv 0\,(\bmod\, 4),\,c>0}S_{D,d}(m,c)\sinh\left(\frac{4\pi m\sqrt{dD}}{c}\right), \] where \[ S_{D,d}(m,c)=\sum_{x(\bmod c),\,x^2\equiv -Dd\pmod c}\chi_D\left(\frac{c}{4},x,\frac{x^2+Dd}{c}\right)e\left(\frac{2mx}{c}\right), \] \(e(z)=e^{2\pi i z}\).