Lower bounds of the eigenvalues of compact manifolds with positive Ricci curvature (Q885815)

Let \(M\) be a compact smooth \(n\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold. If the boundary of \(M\) is non-empty, impose Neumann boundary conditions and assume the boundary is weakly convex -- i.e., that the second fundamental form is non-negative with respect to the outward normal. Assume that the Ricci curvature satisfies the estimate \(\text{Ric}\geq(n-1)K>0\) for some \(K>0\). Let \(\lambda\) be the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian. Let \(d\) be the diameter of \(M\). The author shows \(\lambda\geq{\pi^2\over d^2}+{3\over8}(n-1)K\) if \(n=2\) and \(\lambda\geq{\pi^2\over d^2}+{31\over100}(n-1)K\) if \(n\geq3\). This improves a previous estimate of \textit{D. Yang} [Pac. J. Math. 190, No.~2, 383--398 (1999; Zbl 1016.58016)].