Generic initial ideals and graded Artinian-level algebras not having the weak-Lefschetz property (Q886273)

A standard graded ring \(A=R/I\) is called level if the the last free module of its (graded) minimal free resolution has the form \(R(-s)^\beta \) for some \(s>0\); here \(R=k[x_1,\dots ,x_n]\) is a polynomial ring over a field \(k\) of characteristic zero. In this case the Hilbert function of \(A\) is also called level (\(\beta \) is the type of \(A\); the case \(\beta =1\) corresponds to \(A\) being Gorenstein). This paper deals with Artinian standard graded rings \(A=R/I\) and in particular with the Question: Let \[ H: h_0=1\;h_1=3\;h_2\;\dots h_d\;h_d\dots \] be an \(O\)-sequence such that \(h_{d-1}>h_d\) (for some \(d\)). What is the smallest possible value for \(h_d\) if \(H\) is level (it is known that \(H\) is not level if \(h_d\leq d+1\), for any \(h_1\))? Here are some of the major results from the paper: \(\bullet \) \(H\) is not level if \(h_d\leq 2d+3\). \(\bullet \) On the other hand, there exists a level \(O\)-sequence of type \(H\) for \(h_d=2d+k\) for every \(k\geq 4\). \(\bullet \) Every graded Artinian algebra having the WLP has a strictly unimodal \(O\)-sequence (plus some information on the first difference function of \(H\)). There is a corollary for the important case of codimension 3. The paper contains more results, e.~g. some sufficient criteria for \(A=R/I\) being not level in terms of certain monomial ideals attached to \(I\) (namely \(I^{\text{lex}}\) and \(\text{Gin}(I)\)).