On exponential sums over primes in short intervals (Q996714)

Let \[ S(x,y;\alpha):= \sum_{x< n\leq x+ y} \Lambda(n) e(\alpha n)^2), \] where \(1\leq y\leq x\). For any fixed positive \(A\) and \(\varepsilon\) it is shown that \[ S(x,y;\alpha)= M(x,y;\alpha)+ O_{A,\varepsilon}(y(\log x)^{-A}) \] uniformly for \(x^{2/3+\varepsilon}\leq y\leq x\). If \(\alpha\) is in the minor arcs then \(M(x,y;\alpha)= 0\), while if \(\alpha= a/q+\lambda\) is in one of the major arcs then \[ M(x,y;\alpha)= {C(a,q)\over \phi(q)} \int^{x+y}_x e(\lambda u^2)\,du\text{ with }C(a,q)= \sum_{\substack{ h\leq q\\ (h,q)= 1}} e\Biggl({ah^2\over q}\Biggr). \] Previously this was only known under the generalized Riemann hypothesis, and for the shorter range \(x^{11/6+\varepsilon}\leq y\leq x\), see \textit{J. Liu} and \textit{T. Zhan} [Monatsh. Math. 127, No. 1, 27--41 (1999; Zbl 0922.11070)]. As an application the authors consider representations of odd numbers \(N\) as \(p_1+ p_2+ p^2_3\), and use the circle method to give an asymptotic formula for the number of representations in which \(|p_i- N/3|\leq N^{5/6}+ \varepsilon\) for \(i= 1,2\). To prove their estimate for \(S(x,y;\alpha)\) the authors use upper bounds for hybrid mean-values of the form \[ \sum_{\chi\pmod q} \int^{T+H}_T |F(\textstyle{{1\over 2}}+ it,\chi)|\,dt, \] where \(F\) is a product of Dirichlet polynomials. The key input in handling these is a bound for the analogous expression in which \(F(s)= L(s,\chi)^4\), due to \textit{M. Jutila} [Acta Arith. 57, No. 2, 93--114 (1991; Zbl 0718.11038)].