Partial entrainment in the finite Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model (Q2384915)

The Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model is considered \[ \dot \theta_i (t) = \omega_i + \frac{K}{N} \sum_{j=1}^N \sin (\theta_j(t)-\theta_i(t)-\alpha), \quad 1\leq i\leq N, \] where \(N\) is the number of oscillators, \(K>0\) is the coupling strength, \(\omega_i\) are randomly distributed internal frequencies of oscillators, \(| \alpha| \leq \pi/2\). The authors derive sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution exhibiting partial entrainment, that is, the solution, for which the phase difference \(\theta_i(t)-\theta_j(t)\) is bounded for a subset of oscillators \(i,j \in S\) and for all \(t\). The result also implies persistence of the entrainment behavior under perturbations. The critical values of the coupling strength \(K\) defining the transitions between different forms of partial entrainment, are predicted analytically. The disappearance of entrainment is illustrated using coupled systems for Josephson junction arrays.