Maximal inequalities and Riesz transform estimates on \(L^p\) spaces for Schrödinger operators with nonnegative potentials (Q2466307)

The aim of the paper is to obtain \(L^p\) estimates for Schrödinger operators with nonnegative potentials. It extends some results of \textit{Z. Shen} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 45, 513--546 (1995; Zbl 0818.35021)]. A first theorem shows that \(\| \triangle u\|_p+\| Vu\|_p \leq C\| (-\triangle +V)u\|_p\) if \(1<p<\infty\) and \(V\in B_p\), a reverse Hölder weight with exponent \(p\). The second main theorem concerns the square root of \(-\triangle +V\) and contains the following estimates: (1) \(\| \nabla u\|_p + \| V^{1/2}u\|_p\leq C \| (-\triangle +V)^{1/2}u\|_p\) if \(V\in B_q\) (\(q>1\)) and \(1<p<2(q+\epsilon)\). (2) \(\| (-\triangle +V)^{1/2}u\|_{1,\infty} \leq C \| \nabla u\|_1 + \| V^{1/2}u\|_1\) if \(V\in B_q\) (\(q>1\)). (3) \(\| \nabla u\|_p\leq C \| (-\triangle +V)^{1/2}u\|_p\) if \(V\in B_q\) with \(\max(1,n/2)<q<n\), for \(1<p< q^* +\epsilon\) and \(q^*= nq/(n-q)\). The main tools are improved Fefferman-Phong inequalities, criteria for proving boundedness of operators in absence of kernels, mean value inequalities for nonnegative subharmonic functions against \(A_\infty\) weights, complex interpolation for analytic families of operators, a Calderón-Zygmund decomposition adapted to level sets of the maximal function of \(| \triangle u|+ | V^{1/2}|\), and reverse Hölder estimates for weak solutions of \(-\Delta +V\) and their gradients.