Transonic shocks in compressible flow passing a duct for three-dimensional Euler systems (Q2480743)

The authors study stationary three-dimensional compressible flow passing a duct. The flow is a given supersonic one at the entrance of the duct and becomes subsonic across a transonic shock front, which passes through a given point on the wall of the duct. The flow is governed by three-dimensional steady full Euler system, which is purely hyperbolic ahead of the shock and is of elliptic-hyperbolic composed type behind the shock. The duct is assumed to be a cylinder with a square section, and the upstream flow is a three-dimensional perturbation of a uniform supersonic flow. The initial unperturbed upstream flow is parallel to the axis of the duct. It passes a plane shock and becomes a uniform subsonic flow. The purpose of this paper is to prove under some conditions the existence and stability of the perturbed compressible flow including the transonic shock. The problem of determining the flow behind the shock is reduced to a free-boundary value problem for Euler system. The unknown shock front is the free boundary on which the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions give the boundary conditions. On the wall the flow satisfies the impenetrability condition, that is, the normal component of velocity vanishes along the wall. At the exit of the duct the pressure of the downstream flow is assigned apart from a constant difference. In other words, the pressure is given with freedom one. This means that the pressure is given in a space with codimension one, but not completely given; otherwise, there may not be any solution to such a problem. The way to give the boundary condition at the exit is similar to the case for the equivalued boundary problems of elliptic equations. In order to solve the free-boundary problem for the elliptic-hyperbolic system in the subsonic region, a crucial point is to decompose the whole system into a canonical form in which the elliptic part and the hyperbolic part are separated at the principal part of the system. Another new ingredient of the analysis is the determination of the function describing the shock front. From Rankine-Hugonion conditions the authors obtain the slopes of the shock front with respect to two variables, which form an overdetermined system of partial differential equations. The two equations in the overdetermined system are coupled with Euler system in the domain where the flow is defined. Meanwhile, the condition of solvability of the pair of differential equations leads to a new condition. To deal with the whole problem involving all parameters of the flow and the location of the shock, the authors reduce the problem to its equivalent form, which is composed of several coupled subproblems, and is easier to linearize and solve. The authors establish all necessary estimates and use an iteration to obtain the solution to nonlinear problems.