Riesz bases and their dual modular frames in Hilbert \(C^*\)-modules (Q2427265)

A generalisation of Hilbert spaces is obtained if we admit inner products with values in \(C^*\)-algebras rather than in complex numbers, these are known as \(C^*\)-modules. A frame, which is a generalisation of an orthonormal basis, is a collection of vectors \(\{x_j\}\) with the following property replacing the Bessel inequality: \[ C\langle x,x\rangle \leq \sum_j \langle x,x_j\rangle \langle x_j,x\rangle \leq D\langle x,x\rangle \] for every \(x\) and some constants \(C\) and \(D\). A Riesz basis is a frame of nonzero vectors which are ``linearly independent'' in the \(C^*\)-module sense. The dual sequence \(\{y_j\}\) allows to decompose any vector \(x=\sum_j \langle x, y_j\rangle x_j\) over the frame \(\{x_j\}\). There are Riesz bases which have multiple dual frames being Riesz bases as well. The paper characterises those Riesz bases that have unique duals. Some additional results include necessary and sufficient conditions for a dual of a Riesz basis to be again a Riesz basis.