Determinant bounds and the Matsubara UV problem of many-fermion systems (Q946524)

Convergence of the first integration step of the fermionic many body system for a short-range interaction is proved (Th.4.5). Nonperturbative bounds on all scales for the case of the propagator which do not impose on the cutoffs on the Matsubara frequency are also given (Th.2.4, Lemma 5.2). Studies of convergence of the perturbation theory of fermionic field theory at weak coupling were done by using a Gram representation of the covariance. But in this paper, due to the slow decay at large frequencies (Matsubara frequency), the free covariance (free one-particle Green function) for a many-fermion system is shown to have no Gram representation on a separable Hilbert space (Lemma 2.2, Cor. 2.3). Then as an alternative way of the use of Gram representations, chronological product of forms (elements of an exterior algebra \(\Lambda V^*\)) is de fiend (Def.3.5), and a bound of the determinant of a matrix is given by using chronological product (Th.3.7). Convergence results and nonperturbative bounds are obtained applying this result. Gram representations of matrices and determinant bounds obtained by Gram representations are reviewed in \S1. In \S2, the Matsubara UV problem (the slow decay at large frequencies which is caused by the indicator function from time ordering) for Fermion systems are explained. Then the free covariance for a many-fermion system treated in this paper is presented as the inverse Fourier transform of the map \(p\to C(\tau,E(p)\): \[ C^{({\mathbf h})}_{(\tau,X),(\tau',X')}= \int_{{\mathcal B}} \mu^a(dp){\mathbf h}(p)e^{ip\cdot(X- X')}\mathbb{C}(\tau- \tau', E(p)) \] (Def.2.1). Here \({\mathcal B}\) is the momentum space, \(\mu^a\) is the measure which gives the UV cutoff, and \({\mathbf h}\in L^1({\mathcal B},\mu^a)\). Explicit descriptions of \(\mathbb{C}(\tau,E)\), \(\mu^a\), etc., are also given. \(\mathbb{C}\) is discontinuous, which reflects the microscopic structure of the physical system, as encoded in the anticommutative relations of the field operators that generate the observable algebra. As a function of the Matsubara frequency \(\omega\), the Fourier transform \(\widehat C\) of \(C\) decays so slowly that \(\widehat C\not\in L^1\), and has no Gram representations. But if \({\mathcal B}\) is the torus \(\mathbb{R}^d/\Gamma^{\sharp}\), then \(C^({\mathbf h})\) is shown to have determiant bound \[ \delta_{C^{({\mathbf h})}}= 2(\int \mu^a(dp)|{\mathbf h}(p)|)^{1/2} \] (Th.2.4). In \S3, chronological product and bounds of determinant by using chronological product are explained. As an application, an optimal determinant bounds for matrices which are expressed as sum of matrices having Gram representations, are given (Th.1.3). Applying Th.1.3 to \(C^{({\mathbf h})}\), Th.2.4 is proved (\S4). Convergence of the first integration step follows from this bound. In \S5, the last Section, the integration over fields with large frequemncies is given by convergent expansions.