Affine and toric hyperplane arrangements (Q1016537)

A \textit{hyperplane} is a set of the form \[ h = \left\{ \left( x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \right) \in {\mathbb R}^n : \, a_1 x_1 + a_2 x_2 + \cdots + a_n x_n = b \right\} \] for some \(a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n, b \in {\mathbb R}\) where \(\left( a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n \right) \neq (0, 0, \dots, 0)\). An \textit{(affine) hyperplane arrangement} \(H\) is a finite collection of hyperplanes in \({\mathbb R}^n\). There are two partially ordered sets (posets) associated with \(H\), namely, its \textit{intersection lattice}, given by all possible intersections of hyperplanes in \(H\), and its \textit{face lattice}, given by the faces of of the connected components of \({\mathbb R}^n \setminus \bigcup H\). If \(\bigcap H \neq \emptyset\) then \(H\) is called \textit{central}. A \textit{toric hyperplane} is the image of a hyperplane \(h\) as given above, with the condition that \(a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n \in {\mathbb Q}\), under the quotient map \({\mathbb R}^n \to {\mathbb R}^n/{\mathbb Z}^n\). A \textit{toric arrangement} \(H\) is a finite collection of toric hyperplanes. Its \textit{intersection lattice} consists of all connected components of all possible intersections of toric hyperplanes in \(H\), and its \textit{face poset} consists of the faces of the induced subdivision on the torus \({\mathbb R}^n/{\mathbb Z}^n\). The main results of the paper are: (1) an extension of the Billera-Ehrenborg-Readdy map [\textit{L. J. Billera} and \textit{R. Ehrenborg}, ``Monotonicity of the cd-index for polytopes'', Math. Z. 233, No.~3, 421--441 (2000; Zbl 0966.52014)] between the intersection lattice and face lattice of a central hyperplane arrangement to affine and toric hyperplane arrangements, and (2) an analogue of Zaslavsky's Theorem [\textit{T. Zaslavsky}, Facing up to arrangements: face count formulas for partitions of space by hyperplanes. Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 154 (1975; Zbl 0296.50010)] on the number of regions (i.e., maximal faces) of a hyperplane arrangement to the toric case.