Density of hyperbolicity and tangencies in sectional dissipative regions (Q732531)

A major result in hyperbolicity theory is the \(\Omega\) spectral decomposition theorem for Axiom A systems, stating that the non-wandering set can be decomposed into finitely many compact, disjoint and transitive pieces. [\textit{S. E. Newhouse}, Global Analysis, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 14, 191--202 (1970; Zbl 0206.25801), Topology 13, 9--18 (1974; Zbl 0275.58016), Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 50, 101--152 (1979; Zbl 0445.58022)] showed a new phenomenon: the existence of infinitely many periodic attractors due to homoclinic tangencies, i.e. non-transversal intersections of the stable and unstable manifold of a periodic point. Palis conjectured that homoclinic tangencies are the only mechanism to obtain infinitely many transitive isolated sets in surface diffeomorphisms. On manifolds with dimension larger than two, however, infinitely many periodic attractors can also occur through tangencies associated with sectional dissipative periodic points, i.e. periodic points such that the modulus of the product of any pair of eigenvalues is smaller than one, [cf. \textit{J. Palis} and \textit{M. Viana}, Ann. Math. (2) 140, No. 1, 207--250 (1994; Zbl 0817.58004)]. In this paper, the authors study sectional dissipativeness further. The authors first generalise the notion of sectional dissipativeness from periodic points to compact invariant sets. They prove a number of important results, among them the following Corollaries. Here, \(M\) is a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary, \(L(f)\) is the limit set of the non-wandering set of \(f\), \(L(f,1)\) denotes the sectionally dissipative part of \(L(f)\) and \(\Lambda_0\) denotes the closure of the periodic attractors. Corollary 1.1. Let \(f\in \text{Diff}^2(M)\) be a diffeomorphism exhibiting infinitely many attracting periodic points and let \(\Lambda_0\) be an isolated compact set in \(L(f,1)\), such that all periodic points are hyperbolic. Then \(f\) can be \(C^1\)-approximated by a diffeomorphism \(g\) having a sectionally dissipative tangency in a neighborhood of \(\Lambda_0\). Corollary 1.4. Let \(f\in \text{Diff}^1(M)\) and let \(U\) be an attracting and sectionally dissipative region. Then there exists a neighborhood \({\mathcal U}(f)\), such that any \(g\in {\mathcal U}(f)\) can be \(C^1\)-approximated by a diffeomorphism \(g\) either exhibiting a sectionally dissipative tangency in \(U\) or such that \(L(g)\cap U\) is hyperbolic.