On the Hida deformations of fine Selmer groups (Q663607)

Let \(\mathcal{F}\) be an ordinary \(\Lambda\)-adic eigenform and \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}}\) be the quotient of the universal ordinary Hecke algebra \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{Np^\infty}\) associated to \(\mathcal{F}\) (\(p\) a prime number and \(N\) odd such that \((N,p)=1\)). Let \(\Gamma'\) be the group of diamond operators for the tower of modular curves \(\{Y_1(p^t)\}_{t\geq 1}\) and let \(\Gamma\) be the Galois group of the \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-cyclotomic extension \(\mathbb{Q}_{cyc}/\mathbb{Q}\) (they are both isomorphic to \(\mathbb{Z}_p^*\) and have Iwasawa algebra isomorphic to \(\mathbb{Z}_p[[T]]\,\)). Then \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}}\) is a local domain and is finite flat over \(\mathbb{Z}_p[[\Gamma']]\), while its formal completed tensor product \[ \mathbb{H}^{\text{nord}}_{\mathcal{F}} := \mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}} \widehat{\otimes}_{\mathbb{Z}_p} \mathbb{Z}_p[[\Gamma]] \] is finite flat over \(\mathbb{Z}_p[[\Gamma \times \Gamma']]\) (``nord'' stands for \textit{nearly ordinary}). Hida's theory provides a Galois representation \[ \rho : G_{\mathbb{Q}} \longrightarrow Aut_{\mathbb{H}^{\text{nord}}_{\mathcal{F}}}(\mathcal{T}_{\mathcal{F}}) \;, \] where \(\mathcal{T}_{\mathcal{F}}\) is a torsion-free \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{nord}}_{\mathcal{F}}\)-module of generic rank 2. The properties of this representation (in particular its being unramified outside a finite set of primes \(\Sigma\) containing \(p\)) and the two basic assumptions \textbf{(Nor)} \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}}\) is integrally closed; \textbf{(Irr)} the residual representation \(\bar\rho\) is absolutely irreducible, allow the authors to define the fine Selmer groups \[ \mathcal{R}_\Sigma(\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{F}}/\mathbb{Q}):= Ker \left\{ H^1(\mathbb{Q}_\Sigma/\mathbb{Q},\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{F}}) \rightarrow \bigoplus_{v\in \Sigma} H^1(\mathbb{Q}_v,\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{F}}) \right\} \] (where \(\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{F}}\) is the discrete dual of \(\mathcal{T}_{\mathcal{F}}\,\)) in analogy with the classical setting of \textit{J. Coates} and \textit{R. Sujatha} [Math. Ann. 331, No.~4, 809--839 (2005; Zbl 1197.11142)]. Moreover, for a cuspidal eigenform \(f\in \mathcal{S}_k(\Gamma_0(Np^r),\psi)\) which is ordinary at \(p\), one can similarly define \(\mathcal{R}_\Sigma(\mathcal{A}_f/L)\) for any number field \(L\) and, via limits, the fine Selmer group \(\mathcal{R}_\Sigma(\mathcal{A}_f/\mathbb{Q}_{cyc})\) for \(f\) over \(\mathbb{Q}_{cyc}\,\). The paper deals with the relation between two conjectures on the structure of duals of these fine Selmer groups. By a result of \textit{T. Ochiai} [Compos. Math. 142, No.~5, 1157--1200 (2006; Zbl 1112.11051)], the Pontrjagin dual of \(\mathcal{R}_\Sigma(\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{F}}/\mathbb{Q})\) is finitely generated and torsion over \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{nord}}_{\mathcal{F}}\) and Conjecture 1 states that it is torsion over \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}}\) as well. For any arithmetic point \(\xi\in \mathfrak{X}(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}})_{\geq 0}\,\), the specialization of \(\mathcal{F}\) provides a \(p\)-ordinary cuspidal eigenform \(f_\xi\) for which one can define the fine Selmer group \(\mathcal{R}_\Sigma(\mathcal{A}_{f_\xi}/\mathbb{Q}_{cyc})\): Conjecture A states that its Pontrjagin dual is a finitely generated \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-module. The authors prove that the two conjectures are equivalent for any \(\xi\in \mathfrak{X}(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}})_{\geq 0}\) using the fact that Conjecture A is invariant in Hida families, a control theorem on the natural maps \[ \mathcal{R}_\Sigma(\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{F}}[\mathcal{P}_\xi]/\mathbb{Q}) \longrightarrow \mathcal{R}_\Sigma(\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{F}}/\mathbb{Q})[\mathcal{P}_\xi] \] (where \(\mathcal{P}_\xi\) is the height one prime ideal of \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}}\) corresponding to \(Ker\,\xi\)) and the identification of \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{nord}}_{\mathcal{F}}\) with \(\mathbb{H}^{\text{ord}}_{\mathcal{F}}[[T]]\). Moreover they show that, if the conjectures hold, then the \(\lambda\)-invariants of duals of \(\mathcal{R}_\Sigma(\mathcal{A}_{f_\xi}/\mathbb{Q}_{cyc})\) are equal for almost all arithmetic points and provide numerical examples.