Subgroups of products of paratopological groups (Q392569)

A \textit{paratopological group} is a group \(G\) endowed with a topology such that the mapping \((x, y)\mapsto xy\) of \(G\times G\) into~\(G\) is continuous. If, in addition, the mapping \(x\mapsto x^{-1}\) of~\(G\) into~\(G\) is continuous, then \(G\) is a~\textit{topological group}. The \textit{symmetry number} of a \(T_1\) paratopological group~\(G\) is the minimum cardinal number \(\kappa\) such that for every neighborhood \(U\) of \(e\) in~\(G\) , there exists a family \(\mathcal{V}\) of neighborhoods of \(e\) such that \(\bigcap_{v\in \mathcal{V}}V^{-1}\subseteq U\) and \(|\mathcal{V}|\leq \kappa\). A~paratopological group \(G\) is \textit{\(2\)-pseudocompact} if \(\bigcap_{n\in \omega}\overline{U_n^{-1}}\neq \phi\), for each non-increasing sequence \(\{U_n:n\in\omega\}\) of non-empty open subsets of \(G\). In this paper, the author gives a characterization of paratopological groups that can be topologically embedded as subgroups into a product of first-countable (second-countable) \(T_i\) paratopological groups for \(i=0,1\). The author shows that a \(T_1\) paratopological group \(G\) can be embedded as a subgroup into a topological product of first-countable (second-countable) \(T_1\) paratopological groups if and only if \(G\) is \(\omega\)-balanced (totally \(\omega\)-narrow) and the symmetry number of \(G\) is countable. In addition, the author proves that every \(2\)-pseudocompact \(T_1\) paratopological group with a countable symmetry number is a topological group. The author answers in the negative questions posed by \textit{M. Sanchis} and \textit{M. Tkachenko} [Topology Appl. 155, No. 4, 322--334 (2008; Zbl 1138.54029)] by constructing an example of a commutative functionally Hausdorff totally \(\omega\)-narrow paratopological group of countable pseudocharacter \(H\) such that there is no continuous isomorphism from \(H\) onto a Hausdorff first-countable paratopological group. The group \(H\) is not topologically isomorphic to a subgroup of a product of Hausdorff second-countable paratopological groups.