Perron-Frobenius operators and the Klein-Gordon equation (Q2436087)

Let \(\Gamma\) be the hyperbola \(x_1x_2=1\) and let \(\Gamma_+\) be the branch of \(\Gamma\) with \(x_1>0\). Let \(\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta}= (\alpha{\mathbb Z}\times \{0\}) \cup (\{0\} \times \beta{\mathbb Z} )\), \(\alpha, \beta>0\). Let \(AC(\Gamma;\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta})\) be the spaces of bounded Borel measures \(\mu\) in the plane supported in \(\Gamma\), absolutely continuous with respect to arc length and whose Fourier transform vanishes on \(\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta}\). Similarly we define \(AC(\Gamma_+;\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta})\). The first main result of the paper asserts that \(AC(\Gamma;\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta})\) is infinite-dimensional for \(\alpha\beta>1\). It is known that \(AC(\Gamma;\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta})=\{0\}\) if \(\alpha\beta\leq1\). The second main result says that \(AC(\Gamma_+;\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta})\) is infinite-dimensional for \(\alpha\beta>4\). It is known that \(AC(\Gamma_+;\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta})=\{0\}\) if \(\alpha\beta < 4\) and that \(AC(\Gamma;\Lambda_{\alpha,\beta})\) is one-dimensional if \(\alpha\beta = 4\). The proofs of the above theorems go via dynamical systems and more specifically Perron-Frobenius operators. The link between the main results and the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations as well as the relation with Perron-Frobenius operators are discussed with details.