On operations in \(C(X)\) determined by continuous functions (Q2439812)

In recent years the following problem began to be studied. Let \(X\) be a topological Hausdorff space and let \(\varphi: \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) be a continuous function. We can define an operation \(\Phi: C(X)\times C(X)\to C(X)\), attached to \(\varphi\), by \(\Phi(f,g)(x)=\varphi(f(x),g(x))\), \(f,g\in C(X)\), \(x\in X\). The most important operations which may be defined in this mode, are addition, multiplication, maximum and minimum. An interesting problem is to study under which conditions such an operation is an open function or a weakly open function from \(C(X)\times C(X)\) into \(C(X)\). A function is named weakly open if the image of any non-empty open set has a non-empty interior. For instance, multiplication on \(C([0,1])\) is weakly open but not open, see [\textit{M. Balcerzak} et al., Stud. Math. 170, No. 2, 203--209 (2005; Zbl 1093.46023)]. The present paper makes an advanced study of this problem in the general case when \(X\) is a compact Hausdorff space and gives 13 theorems and several lemmas and corollaries. We mention only, for exemplification, the following result (Theorem 4): If \(X\) is compact Hausdorff and \(\varphi\) is a function of class \(C^1\) such that \(\nabla \varphi(v) \neq(0,0)\), for \(v\in\mathbb{R}^2\), then the operation \(\Phi : C(X)\times C(X)\to C(X)\), defined by \(\varphi\) is an open mapping. A connection is pointed out between the topological dimension of the space \(X\) and the properties of operations to be open or weakly open. Several examples complete the presentation.