On the topological fundamental groups of quotient spaces (Q2259491)

For a pointed space \((X,x_0)\), the fundamental group \(\pi_1(X,x_0)\) has a quotient topology inherited from the loop space \(\Omega(X,x_0)\) with the compact open topology. The fundamental group \(\pi_1(X,x_0)\) with this topology is not always a topological group, but the inversion and right and left translations are continuous. In the paper under review this structure is called a \textit{quasi topological group} and denoted by \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)\). Let \(p: X\rightarrow X/A\) be a quotient map for a subset \(A\) of \(X\). In this paper conditions are given for \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)\) to be mapped into a dense subgroup of \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X/A,\ast)\) by the group homomorphism induced by \(p\). As a main result it is proved that if \(A\) is an open subset of \(X\) such that its closure is path connected, then for each \(a\in A\), the image of \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)\) under the induced homomorphism is dense in \(\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X/A,\ast)\).