Dependency of the positive and negative long-time behaviors of flows on surfaces (Q6102682)

In this paper, the author studies the structure of \(\omega\)-limit sets of flows defined on compact surfaces. In particular, it is shown that the \(\omega\)-limit of an orbit whose closure has non-empty interior (\textit{locally dense} orbit), is either a nowhere dense subset of singular points or the closure of a non-closed locally dense recurrent trajectory (Theorem~A). Further, the author observes that this is also the structure depicted by the \(\omega\)-limit sets of non-closed trajectories of non-wandering flows (Theorem~B). For Hamiltonian flows, Theorem~C establishes that \(\omega\)-limits of non-closed trajectories on possibly non-compact surfaces consist of singular points. The author also introduces the notion of \textit{pre-Hamiltonian flow} which is a flow whose non-singular trajectories are the connected components of the level sets of the restriction of some real-valued function to the surface obtained by removing the singular points, and comprise a codimension-one foliaton of this new surface. Theorem~E states that if a flow has a finite number of singular points being pre-Hamiltonian is equivalent to being Hamiltonian.