Cotilting modules and homological ring epimorphisms (Q493774)

A ring epimorphism \(f: R \to S\) is an epimorphism in the category of unitial rings, e.g., \(\mathbb{Z}[x] \to \mathbb{Q}, x \mapsto 0\). Another epimorphism \(f': R \to S'\) is called equivalent if there exists an isomorphism \(\varphi: S \to S'\) with \(\varphi f = f'\). Each ring epimorphism is the composition of a surjective ring epimorphism (equivalent to) \(\pi_f: R \to R/\operatorname{Ker} f\) and an injective ring epimorphism \(\overline{f}:R/\operatorname{Ker} f \to S\). The localization \(R \to \Sigma^{-1} R\) of a commutative ring at a set of nonzero-divisors \(\Sigma \subset R \setminus \{0\}\) is an example of an injective ring epimorphism which is not surjective unless \(\Sigma \subseteq R^\times\). The ring epimorphism \(f\) is called a homological epimorphism if additionally \(\operatorname{Tor}_i^R(S,S) = 0\) for \(i \geq 1\). The latter condition simplifies to \(\operatorname{Tor}_1^R(S,S) = 0\) once \(S_R\) (or \({}_R S\)) is of flat dimension at most \(1\). In this case the \(R\)-module of characters \(C := (S \oplus S/f(R))^*\) (and hence by \(S^*\)) is shown to be a \(1\)-cotilting module (Theorem 2.4), i.e., the class of modules cogenerated by \(C\) coincides with its \(\operatorname{Ext}\)-orthogonal class \({}^\perp C := \{ X \in R\text{-Mod} \mid \operatorname{Ext}^i_R(X,C) = 0, \forall i \geq 1 \}\), the latter is then called the \(1\)-cotilting class of \(C\). Two \(1\)-cotilting \(R\)-modules \(C,C'\) are called equivalent if their cotilting classes \({}^\perp C, {}^\perp C'\) coincide. In the rest of the paper \(R\) is assumed to be a valuation domain and the assumption on the flat dimension of \(S_R\) is automatically fulfilled since the weak global dimension of \(R\) is at most \(1\). The author henceforth uses the notion ``cotilting'' instead of ``\(1\)-cotilting'' as any \(n\)-cotilting module (Definition 1.1) over a valuation domain is a \(1\)-cotilting module by a result in [the author, Forum Math. 19, No. 6, 1005--1027 (2007; Zbl 1134.13019)]. It was proved in [the author, ``Smashing localizations of rings of weak global dimension at most one'', Adv. Math., 305, 351--401 (2016)] that every homological ring epimorphism \(f:R \to S\) gives rise to an order complete chain \(I(f)\) of intervals in \(\operatorname{Spec} R\) satisfying a property referred to as ``weakly atomic'', meaning that there exists a gap between two distinct intervals in \(I(f)\). In this paper the author shows that the chain \(I(C)\) of intervals in \(\operatorname{Spec} R\) associated with a \(1\)-cotilting \(R\)-module \(C\) (Definition 3.7) is also order complete. The author calls \(C\) non-dense in case \(I(C)\) satisfies the ``weakly atomic'' property. In Theorem 4.7 the classification theorem from [the author, ``Smashing localizations of rings of weak global dimension at most one'', Adv. Math., 305, 351--401 (2016), Theorem 3.10] is used to establish a bijective correspondence between equivalence classes of injective homological ring epimorphisms starting in the valuation domain \(R\) and equivalence classes of non-dense \(1\)-cotilting \(R\)-modules. Furthermore, [the author, ``Smashing localizations of rings of weak global dimension at most one'', Adv. Math., 305, 351--401 (2016), Theorem 3.10] (the used numbering 3.13 in the paper is outdated) extends the above correspondence to include so-called smashing localizing subcategories of \(\mathbf{D}(R)\). Proposition 5.4 shows the existence of dense \(1\)-cotilting \(R\)-modules which do not correspond to injective homological ring epimorphisms. Finally, Theorem 6.6 shows that a \(1\)-cotilting class \({}^\perp C\) over a valuation domain is necessarily a \(\operatorname{Tor}\)-orthogonal class (and hence of cocountable type), i.e., there exists a right module \(M\) such that \({}^\perp C = M^\intercal := \{ X \in R\text{-Mod} \mid \operatorname{Tor}^R_i(X,M) = 0, \forall i \geq 1 \}\).