Characterization of regularity for a connected abelian action (Q284073)

Consider a finite dimensional real vector space \(V\) and let \(G\) be a connected subgroup of \(\mathrm{GL}(V)\). A \(G\)-invariant subset \(\Omega\) of \(V\) is regular if for all \(v\in\Omega \), the orbit \(Gv\) is a locally compact subset of \(V\). If the group \(G\) is regular there is a locally compact \(G\)-invariant subset \(\Omega\) in \(V\) that is conull. In the present paper the authors study the structural conditions for regularity. Considering the case where \(G=\exp\mathbb RA\), where \(A\in gl(V)\), as a fundamental example, the authors obtain an explicit and computable characterization of regularity in the case where \(G\) is abelian. Let \(\mathfrak g\) be the real span of a finite set of commuting endomorphisms of \(V\) and let \(G=\exp\mathfrak g\). The authors present some preliminary results concerning the normal block matrix form for \(\mathfrak g\). Then they reduce the question of regularity first to the subgroup \(G_0=\exp(\mathfrak g_0)\) (where \(\mathfrak g_0\) is the subspace of \(\mathfrak g\) consisting of those \(A\) whose eigenvalues have vanishing real part) and then to the regularity of the orbit \(\exp n(v)v\). They present a layering procedure and the rational mapping \(\rho\). Next they obtain a characterization of regularity and present a computational procedure for deciding regularity or non-regularity of any connected abelian group \(G\). Then step by step the cross section for orbits in the regular case is constructed. A simple and explicit topological section for the rotation action of \(\exp n(v)\) is incorporated. The authors provide several examples.