Computing Tjurina stratifications of \(\mu \)-constant deformations via parametric local cohomology systems (Q505653)

The aim of the paper is to present an algorithm to compute the stratification with constant Tjurina number in a \(\mu\)-constant deformation of a semiquasihomogeneous hypersurface singularity. One possible approach to solve this problem would be the computation of a system of comprehensive Gröbner bases with respect to a local ordering, also called standard bases, for the corresponding Tjurina ideal \(\langle f, \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_1}, \ldots, \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_n}\rangle, f\in K[t_1, \ldots, t_m, x_1, \ldots x_n]\). This gives directly the stratification. The authors dualize the problem and consider instead of \(\langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_1}, \ldots, \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_n}\rangle\) the space of local cohomology classes supported at the origin and annihilated by the partial derivatives of \(f\). In their paper [``Algebraic local cohomology with parameters and parametric standard bases for zero-dimensional ideals'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1508.06724}], the authors considered a more general situation: Let \(K\) be the field of rational numbers or the field of complex numbers. Let \(F=\{f_1, \ldots, f_p\}\subseteq K(t)[x]\) satisfying generically \(\{a\in X|f_1(a)=\ldots=f_p(a)=0\}=\{0\}\), \(X\) a neighbourhood of \(0\in \overline{K}^n, x=(x_1, \ldots, x_n), t=(t_1, \ldots, t_m)\). Let \(\sigma_{\overline{a}}\) be the map defined by substituting \(\overline{a}\) into \(t\). Let \[ H_{\sigma_{\overline{a}}}(F):=\{\Psi\in\overline{K}[\xi]\;|\;\sigma_{\overline{a}}(f_1)\ast\Psi=\ldots=\sigma_{\overline{a}}(f_p)\ast \Psi=0\} \] and \(H_F=\underset{\overline{a}\in\overline{K}^m}{\bigcup} H_{\sigma_{\overline{a}}(F)}.\) Here \(\xi=(\xi_1, \ldots, \xi_n)\) and \[ x^\alpha\ast \xi^\lambda=\begin{cases} \xi^{\lambda-\alpha}& \text{if } \lambda_i\geq \alpha_1 \text{ for all } i\\0 & \text{else}\end{cases} \] \(H_F\) is the vector space of algebraic local cohomology classes supported at the origin that are annihilated by \(\langle F\rangle\). \(H_F\) is finite dimensional if and only if \(\langle F\rangle\) is zero-dimensional. The notion of a parametric local cohomology system as an analogue of a comprehensive system of Gröbner bases is introduced. An algorithm is given to compute parametric local cohomology systems. Let \(\overline{K}^m=\overset{l}{\underset{i=1}{\bigcup}} A_I\) be a stratification and \(S_i\subseteq K[t, x]\) be finite subsets, \(i=1, \ldots, l\). \(\{(A_i, S_i)\}_{i=1, \ldots, l}\) is called a parametric standard basis of \(\langle F\rangle\) with respect to a local ordering \(<\) if \(\sigma_{\overline{a}}(S_i)\) is a standard basis of \(\langle \sigma_{\overline{a}}(F)\rangle\), for all \(i\) and all \(\overline{a}\in A_i\). There is a canonical pairing \(\text{res}_{\{0\}}(\;,\;): K[[x]]/\langle P\rangle \times H_P\to K\), \(\langle P\rangle\) a zero-dimensional ideal, \(P=\{g_1, \ldots, g_q\}\). Grothendieck's local duality implies \(h\in P\) if and only if \(\text{res}_{\{0\}}(h, \varphi)=0\) for all \(\varphi\in H_P\). This relates a basis of \(H_P\) to a standard basis of \(\langle P\rangle\). In our situation we obtain a parametric standard basis from a parametric local cohomology system. The algorithm to compute a parametric local cohomology system is implemented in the computer algebra system \textsc{Asir}. This Algorithm can be used to compute the stratification with constant Tjurina number. The algorithm developed in the paper is specially adapted to the situation having the Jacobi ideal of a polynomial. Timings show that it is much faster than the generic algorithm. It is especially explained how to obtain comprehensive standard bases for the ideals \(\langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_1}, \ldots, \frac{\partial f}{\partial x_n}\rangle: f\) and the Tjurina ideal.